Cladonia stygia

Cladonia stygia, commonly known as the black‐footed reindeer lichen, is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It is distributed across boreal, arctic and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Originally described by Elias Magnus Fries in 1826 as a form of Cladonia rangiferina, subsequent studies on its morphology and chemistry led to its elevation to full species status in 1985. The lichen is recognised by its dark, ash-grey to black base and its distinctive, uneven branching pattern, often accompanied by small red reproductive structures. It typically grows in wet, acidic bogs and montane areas, where it contributes to local ecosystem functions and serves as a winter food source for reindeer. Molecular studies have confirmed C. stygia as distinct from C. rangiferina, supported by structural and chemical differences. This lichen contributes to soil insulation and serves as a host for various lichenicolous fungi. Although C. stygia is widespread in boreal reg......read more on Wikipedia.