Alexander Borissovitch Doweld

Chytridiomycota are a division of zoosporic organisms in the kingdom Fungi, informally known as chytrids. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek χυτρίδιον (khutrídion), meaning "little pot", describing the structure containing unreleased zoospores. Chytrids are one of the earliest diverging fungal lineages, and their membership in kingdom Fungi is demonstrated with chitin cell walls, a posterior whiplash flagellum, absorptive nutrition, use of glycogen as an energy storage compound, and synthesis of lysine by the α-amino adipic acid (AAA) pathway. Chytrids are saprobic, degrading

The Agaricomycetes are a class of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The taxon is roughly identical to that defined for the Homobasidiomycetes (alternatively called holobasidiomycetes) by Hibbett & Thorn, with the inclusion of Auriculariales and Sebacinales. It includes not only mushroom-forming fungi, but also most species placed in the deprecated taxa Gasteromycetes and Homobasidiomycetes. Within the subdivision Agaricomycotina, which already excludes the smut and rust fungi, the Agaricomycetes can be further defined by the exclusion of the classes Tremellomycetes and Dacrymycetes, which

Agaricomycotina is one of three subdivisions of the Basidiomycota (fungi bearing spores on basidia), and represents many fungi which form macroscopic fruiting bodies. Agaricomycotina contains over 30,000 species, divided into three classes: Tremellomycetes, Dacrymycetes, and Agaricomycetes. Around 98% of the species are in the class Agaricomycetes, including all the agarics (gilled mushrooms), bracket fungi, clavarioid fungi, corticioid fungi, and gasteroid fungi. Tremellomycetes contains many basidiomycete yeasts and some conspicuous jelly fungi. Dacrymycetes contains a further group of

The Tremellomycetes are a class of dimorphic fungi in the Agaricomycotina. Some species have gelatinous basidiocarps (fruiting bodies) or (microscopically) a sacculate parenthesome. There are six orders, 17 families, and 39 genera in the Tremellomycetes. Tremellomycetes include yeasts, dimorphic taxa, and species that form complex fruiting bodies. Tremellomycetes include some fungi that are human and animal pathogens in the genera Cryptococcus, Naganishia, Papiliotrema, and Trichosporon and some fungi that are cultivated for food in the genera Tremella and Naematelia. Tremellomycetidae Locq.

The Dacrymycetes are a class of fungi in the Basidiomycota. The class currently contains the single order Dacrymycetales, with a second proposed order Unilacrymales now treated at the family level. The order contains four families and has a cosmopolitan distribution. All fungi in the Dacrymycetes are wood-rotting saprotrophs. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are ceraceous to gelatinous, typically yellow to orange as a result of carotenoid pigments, and variously corticioid (effused and patch-forming), disc- or cushion-shaped, spathulate, or clavarioid (club or coral-like). Microscopically, nearly

Mucoromycotina is a subphylum of uncertain placement in Fungi. It was considered part of the phylum Zygomycota, but recent phylogenetic studies have shown that it was polyphyletic and thus split into several groups, it is now thought to be a paraphyletic grouping. Mucoromycotina is currently composed of 3 orders, 61 genera, and 325 species. Some common characteristics seen throughout the species include: development of coenocytic mycelium, saprotrophic lifestyles, and filamentous. With the treatment of Tedersoo et al. 2018, Mucoromycotina is the only subphylum under Mucoromycota. It includes

The Metschnikowiaceae are a family of yeasts in the order Saccharomycetales that reproduce by budding. The family comprises sixteen genera including the type genus Metschnikowia, which is commonly found in floral nectar and dispersed by pollinators on all continents except Antarctica. Originally proposed in 1900 but not validly published until 2013, the family has undergone significant taxonomic revision based on genome-scale studies, leading to the establishment of thirteen new genera in 2024 to better reflect evolutionary relationships. Members are characterized by multilateral budding,

The Sporidiobolales are an order of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina. The order contains a single family, the Sporidiobolaceae, which currently contains three genera. Most species are known only from their yeast states. Hyphal states produce teliospores from which auricularioid (tubular and laterally septate) basidia emerge, bearing basidiospores. Species occur worldwide and have been isolated (as yeasts) from a wide variety of substrates. Two species, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and R. glutinis, have been known to cause disease in humans.

The Platygloeaceae are a family of fungi in the class Pucciniomycetes. Species in the family have auricularioid basidia (tubular with lateral septa) and are typically plant parasites on angiosperms, though Platygloea species appear to be saprotrophic.

Eurotiomycetidae is a subclass of the Eurotiomycetes.

Chaetothyriomycetidae is a subclass of ascomycete within the class Eurotiomycetes. Many species in Chaetothyriomycetidae are lichens.

Cryptomycota ('hidden fungi'), Rozellida, or Rozellomycota are a clade of micro-organisms that are either fungi or a sister group to fungi. They differ from classical fungi in that they lack chitinous cell walls at any trophic stage in their lifecycle, as reported by Jones and colleagues in 2011. Despite their unconventional phagocytic feeding habits (typical fungi are osmotrophic), chitin has been observed in the inner layer of resting spores, and in immature resting spores for some species of Rozella, as indicated with calcofluor-white stain as well as the presence of a fungal-specific

The Mucorales is the largest and best-studied order of zygomycete fungi. Members of this order are sometimes called pin molds. The term mucormycosis is now preferred for infections caused by molds belonging to the order Mucorales.

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The Zoopagomycotina are a subdivision (incertae sedis) of the fungal division Zygomycota sensu lato. It contains 5 families and 20 genera. Relationships among and within subphyla of Zygomycota are poorly understood, and their monophyly remains in question, so they are sometimes referred to by the informal name zygomycetes. Zoopagomycotina are microscopic and are typically obligate parasites of other zygomycete fungi and of microscopic soil animals such as nematodes, rotifers and amoebae. Some species are endoparasites that live mostly within the bodies of their hosts and only exit the host

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Mortierellales is a monotypic fungal order, within the phylum of Zygomycota and the monotypic, division of Mortierellomycota. It contains only 1 known family, Mortierellaceae, and 6 genera and around 129 species.

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Endogonales is an order of fungi within the phylum of Zygomycota, and in class Endogonomycetes. It contains 2 families; Endogonaceae, with 6 genera and 38 species and Densosporaceae, with one genera and 4 species.

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The Basidiobolaceae are a family of fungi in the monotypic order Basidiobolales. All fungal cells of this family are exclusively uninucleate and their relatively large nuclei contain a nucleolus, but no heterochromatin. They were formerly in the order Entomophthorales. The transfer occurred in 2018.

The Basidiobolaceae are a family of fungi in the monotypic order Basidiobolales. All fungal cells of this family are exclusively uninucleate and their relatively large nuclei contain a nucleolus, but no heterochromatin. They were formerly in the order Entomophthorales. The transfer occurred in 2018.

Synchytriaceae is a chytrid fungus family in the division Chytridiomycota. The family was described by German mycologist Joseph Schröter in 1892. The type genus, Synchytrium, contains about 200 species of fungi that are parasitic on flowering plants, ferns, mosses, and algae. Synchytrium endobioticum causes potato wart disease, an economically important disease of cultivated potato.

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Hyaloraphidium is a genus of chytrid-like fungi. It is the only member of the family Hyaloraphidiaceae, order Hyaloraphidiales and class Hyaloraphidiomycetes in the division Monoblepharomycota. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species: Hyaloraphidium contortum Pascher & Korshikov Hyaloraphidium curvatum Korshikov