Alexander Zahlbruckner

Austrian botanist and lichenologist (1860–1938).

Alexander Zahlbruckner (31 May 1860 – 8 May 1938) was an Austrian botanist and lichenologist who became one of the early 20th century's most influential lichen taxonomists. He spent his career at the Natural History Museum in Vienna, rising from volunteer to First Director (1918–1922). He became a leading authority through extensive fieldwork across the Austrian Alps and collaboration with European herbaria. Zahlbruckner's most enduring contributions include his comprehensive classification system for lichens, published in Engler and Prantl's work Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (1903–1926).

Abbreviations: Zahlbr.
Occupations: scientific collector, lichenologist, botanist, botanical collector
Citizenships: Austria–Hungary
Languages: German
Dates: 1860-05-31T00:00:00Z – 1938-05-08T00:00:00Z
Birth place: Svätý Jur
Direct attributions: 106 plants, 1,398 fungi
Authorship mentions: 130 plants, 1,773 fungi

1,398 fungi attributed, 375 fungi contributed to1,773 fungi:

Teloschistaceae (Sunburst Lichens) Zahlbr. 1991
fungi family in the order teloschistales
The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, although its members occur predominantly in temperate regions. Most members are lichens that either live on rock or on bark, but about 40 species are lichenicolous – meaning they are non-lichenised fungi that live on other lichens. Many members of the Teloschistaceae are readily identifiable by their vibrant orange to yellow hue, a result of their frequent anthraquinone content. The presence of these anthraquinone
Physciaceae (Rosette Lichens) Zahlbr. 1898
fungi family in the order caliciales
The Physciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. A 2016 estimate placed 19 genera and 601 species in the family.
Psoraceae (Scale Lichens) Zahlbr. 1898
fungi family in the order lecanorales
The Psoraceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales. The Austrian lichenologist Alexander Zahlbruckner first described the family in 1898. Species of this family have a widespread distribution.
Icmadophila ericetorum (Candy Lichen) (L.) Zahlbr. 1895
fungi species in the icmadophilaceae family
Icmadophila ericetorum is a species of lichen belonging to the family Icmadophilaceae. It has a cosmopolitan distribution.
Chrysothricaceae Zahlbr. 1905
fungi family in the order arthoniales
Chrysotrichaceae is a family of lichenized fungi in the order Arthoniales. Member of this family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in tropical areas. "Chrysothrichaceae" and "Chrysothricaceae" are alternative spellings that have been used in some older publications; the latter was used by Alexander Zahlbruckner in the protologue publication. Both of these spellings are considered incorrect, and the current spelling has been formalised following a proposal for conservation of Chrysotrichaceae against Pulverariaceae (an earlier synonym).
Acarosporaceae (Cobblestone Lichen Family) Zahlbr. 1906
fungi family in the order acarosporales
The Acarosporaceae are a family of fungi in the order Acarosporales. Members of this family have a widespread distribution, and are mostly lichenized with green algae. According to a 2021 estimate, the family contains 11 genera and about 260 species. The family is characterised by a hamathecium formed of paraphysoids (hyphal structures similar in function to true paraphyses, but often branched and forming a network).
Lecanora saligna (Rim Lichen) (Schrad.) Zahlbr. 1928
fungi species in the lecanoraceae family
Lecanora saligna is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae.
Lecanora rupicola (White Rim-lichen) (L.) Zahlbr. 1928
fungi species in the lecanoraceae family
Glaucomaria rupicola, the white rim lichen, is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It forms thick, whitish-grey patches on hard, exposed siliceous rock such as granite, from coastal cliffs to mountain summits. The fruiting bodies are typically covered by a conspicuous pale grey powdery coating, and the disc reacts bright yellow with bleach (the C spot test). The species has a wide distribution, occurring across Europe, North America, and Asia in the Northern Hemisphere, and extending into South America and other southern regions. It is particularly common on wave-splashed
Caloplaca marina (Orange Sea Lichen) (Wedd.) Zahlbr. 1921
fungi species in the teloschistaceae family
Caloplaca marina, the orange sea lichen, is a crustose, placodioid lichen. It has wide distribution, and can be found near the shore on rocks or walls. Calos in Greek means nice, placa in Greek is shield. Caloplaca therefore means ‘beautiful patches’.
Agonimia Zahlbr. 1909
fungi genus in the verrucariaceae family
Agonimia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Verrucariaceae. These lichens typically form crusts made of tiny grain-like clumps or small scale-like fragments on tree bark and rocks, with some species developing delicate leaf-like structures up to 5 mm across. The genus includes about 22 species found worldwide, characterized by their black flask-shaped reproductive structures and distinctive brick-patterned ascospores.
Pilocarpaceae (Byssolomataceae) Zahlbr. 1905
fungi family in the order lecanorales
The Ectolechiaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales. The species of this family have a cosmopolitan distribution and have been found in a variety of climatic regions. The family was first described by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1905, originally for a group of tropical, leaf-dwelling lichens. Its scope has since expanded considerably, and the family now encompasses both tropical genera such as Byssoloma and Calopadia and the large, predominantly temperate-to-arctic genus Micarea. As of 2026, the family contains more than 30 genera and an estimated 470 species. It
Candelariella aurella (Hidden Goldspeck Lichen) (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. 1928
fungi species in the candelariaceae family
Candelariella aurella, the hidden goldspeck lichen or eggyolk lichen, is a yellow crustose lichen in the family Candelariaceae. It is commonly found on calcareous rock or wood or bark exposed to sunlight and which may have calcareous dust in areas with lime soils. The thallus is areolate with scattered small (0.1–0.3 mm), rounded to elongated yellow areolas. It has a global distribution and occurs on limestone and calcareous sandstone in the Sonoran Desert in Arizona, California, and Baja California. It occurs in Joshua Tree National Monument. In Nepal, Candelariella aurella has been reported
Letharia (Wolf Lichen) (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr. 1968
fungi genus in the parmeliaceae family
Letharia is a genus of fruticose lichens belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. Molecular phylogenetics studies have revealed that what were once considered just two species actually represent at least several distinct evolutionary lineages, with western North America serving as the centre of diversity for the group. These lichens typically grow on sun-exposed wood and bark of coniferous trees, growing in dry habitats where they receive moisture from dew or fog.
Verrucaria funckii (Funck's Wart Lichen) (Spreng.) Zahlbr. 1921
fungi species in the verrucariaceae family
Verrucaria funckii is a species of crustose lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. It grows on rocks in aquatic environments. First described as a new species in 1826 and named after the German botanist Heinrich Christian Funck, it features a light grey-green to grey-brown, somewhat gelatinous thallus. Its reproductive structures are typically embedded within the body rather than projecting from it. The species is widespread throughout Europe, particularly in northern and western regions, as well as parts of Asia and North America, where it inhabits permanently or largely submerged siliceous
Strigulaceae Zahlbr. 1898
fungi family in the order strigulales
Strigulaceae is a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi, one of two families in the order Strigulales (class Dothideomycetes). A molecular analysis of the type genus, Strigula, has led to a reallocation of the foliicolous species into six genera that correspond to well-delimited clades with diagnostic phenotype features. These lichens live almost exclusively in tropical rainforests, where they grow as thin films on the surface of living leaves rather than on bark or rock like many other lichens. The family includes around 140 species distributed across multiple continents, making them one of
Pannoparmelia angustata (Pers.) Zahlbr. 1930
fungi species in the parmeliaceae family
Pannoparmelia angustata is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in Australia, New Zealand, and South America.
Ochrolechia africana (Frosty Saucer) Zahlbr. 1926
fungi species in the ochrolechiaceae family
Ochrolechia africana, commonly known as the frosty saucer lichen, is a species of crustose and corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Ochrolechiaceae. It is a widely distributed species, found in tropical and subtropical areas of southern Africa, Asia, Australia, North America, and South America. The lichen is characterized by the presence of a white "frosty" or powdery apothecia.
Mastodiaceae Zahlbr. 1907
fungi family in the class dothideomycetes
The Verrucariaceae are a family of lichens and a few non-lichenised fungi in the order Verrucariales. The lichens have a wide variety of thallus forms, from crustose (crust-like) to foliose (bushy) and squamulose (scaly). Most of them grow on land, some in freshwater and a few in the sea. Many are free-living but there are some species that are parasites on other lichens, while one marine species always lives together with a leafy green alga. Several characteristics of the spore-bearing structures, the ascomata, define the family, including their perithecioid form–more or less spherical or
Lecania fructigena (Lecania Lichen) Zahlbr. 1914
fungi species in the ramalinaceae family
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Heppiaceae Zahlbr. 1906
fungi family in the order lichinales
The Lichinaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi in the order Lichinales. Most species are lichenized with cyanobacteria, and have a distribution largely in temperate regions. In a 2024 molecular phylogenetics-informed revision, the circumscription of Lichinaceae was narrowed and the class Lichinomycetes was re‑structured into four families (three emended and one new), with many genera moved to Porocyphaceae, Phylliscaceae, or the newly erected Lichinellaceae. The family contain about 125 species in roughly 25 genera.
Dermatocarpon moulinsii (Shag Stippleback Lichen) (Mont.) Zahlbr. 1903
fungi species in the verrucariaceae family
Dermatocarpon moulinsii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. It is distinguished from other members of Dermatocarpon by the presence of rhizines on its underside. In North America, it occurs as mainly a western montane species. The lichen was originally described by Camille Montagne in 1843 as a species of Endocarpon. It is named after French naturalist Charles des Moulins, who collected the type specimen in France. Alexander Zahlbruckner transferred it to Dermatocarpon in 1903.
Bacidia laurocerasi (Dotted Lichen) (Delise ex Duby) Zahlbr. 1926
fungi species in the ramalinaceae family
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Acarospora thelococcoides (Cracked Lichen) (Nyl.) Zahlbr. 1927
fungi species in the acarosporaceae family
Acarospora thelococcoides is a pruinose (dusty whitish) verruculose (warty) crustose lichen that grows in patches up to 10 cm across that grows on soil (terricolous), especially soils made from decomposed granite. It grows from San Benito, California to Baja California, and inland to 930 metres (3,050 ft). Each roundish areole becomes more pruinose toward the top and typically has a single round apothecium that is immersed with a dark brown disc, so as to appear like a collection of white rings. This appearance gives it the common name, soil eyes lichen. The asci are saccate, with variable
Verrucaria aucklandica Zahlbr. 1941
fungi species in the verrucariaceae family
Verrucaria aucklandica is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. It forms thin, greyish crusts that crack into small angular plates on coastal rocks exposed to salt spray. The species was first discovered at Anawhata Bay near Auckland in the early 20th century. Though originally thought to be endemic to New Zealand, it has since been found in Tasmania and Taiwan.
Umbilicaria krascheninnikovii (Lesser Salted Rocktripe Lichen) (Savicz) Zahlbr. 1939
fungi species in the umbilicariaceae family
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Umbilicaria decussata (Navel Lichen) (Vill.) Zahlbr. 1932
fungi species in the umbilicariaceae family
Umbilicaria decussata is a widespread species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) foliose lichen in the family Umbilicariaceae. It typically grows in high-elevation alpine environments.
Protoblastenia calva (Protoblastenia Lichen) (Dicks.) Zahlbr. 1930
fungi species in the psoraceae family
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Physcia biziana (Frosted Rosette Lichen) (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. 1901
fungi species in the physciaceae family
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Phyllopsora furfuracea (Phyllopsora Lichen) (Pers.) Zahlbr. 1905
fungi species in the ramalinaceae family
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Phyllopsora foliata (Stirt.) Zahlbr. 1926
fungi species in the ramalinaceae family
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