Björn Owe-Larsson

Aspicilia cyanescens (bluish sunken disk lichen) is a rough surfaced, bluish-tinged pale gray rimose to areolate crustose lichen, endemic to California. It mostly grows on rock. It is unique among California members of its genus in that it can sometimes be found on growing on bark or wood, especially incense cedar and sometimes on white fir or giant sequoias in the central Sierra Nevada range and southern California mountains. It has a black or bluish or greenish prothallus. The prothallus is usually absent when growing on rock. Each areole commonly has 1–7 roundish to angular apothecia that

Aspicilia pacifica (pacific sunken disk lichen) is a white to grayish, brownish, or ocher crustose areolate lichen that commonly grows on siliceous rock or basalt along the seashore and in higher coastal mountains of California and Baja California. It has numerous small (0.1–.8 mm), round to angular apothecia toward the middle of the thallus, with concave to flat black discs that are sometimes lightened with white pruina. Lichen spot test on the cortex and medulla are I−, K+ yellow to red, P+ orange, and C−. Secondary metabolites include much stictic acid, and some norstictic acid.

Aspicilia cuprea, the copper sunken disk lichen, is a large 1–20-centimeter (0.4–7.9 in) diameter copperish-tan to brown crustose areolate lichen that forms large patches of adjacent lichens on rock (saxicolous). It grows only from northern California to Baja California. It is common and characteristic of siliceous rock in interior valley and western mountains of California. One to many irregularly shaped black apothecia are sunken into the thallus. Lichen spot tests are K+ red, C−, P+ orange, and I−.

Aspicilia confusa is a pale gray (sometimes brownish) crustose areolate lichen that grows mostly on rock in southern and central California mountains, from 250 to 3,170 metres (820 to 10,400 ft). Areoles may be contiguous or dispersed. It has a dark, fringed prothallus. Each areole commonly has 1–4 round to angular aspicilioid apothecia that are 0.1–1.5 mm in diameter, sunken into it. Each apothecia has a usually concave, black disc. Lichen spot tests are all negative. It grows on rock in chaparral or forests in central and southern California, including the Sierra Nevadas, but not in the

Aspicilia phaea (dusky sunken disk lichen) is a grayish brown to tan areolate crustose lichen commonly found on rock in coastal to inland parts of central and southern California. Described as new to science in 2007, it is endemic to (only found in) California. It grows on exposed or partially shaded siliceous rock, with a few known occurrences on serpentine rock. In rare cases full areolas do not form, and it appears as being cracked (rimose). There are often grayish or whitish spots on the areolas. The thallus is 2–8 cm in diameter, and 0.1– 1.2 mm thick. The areolas are irregularly sized

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Poeltidea is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lecideaceae. It comprises three species. The genus was circumscribed by Hannes Hertel and Josef Hafellner in 1984. The genus name honours the German lichenologist Josef Poelt (1924–1995). Labyrintha was introduced in 1995 for the New Zealand species L. implexa, which its authors separated on the basis of an unusual thallus organisation in which photobiont cells occur in vertically aligned columns rather than in a single, well-defined layer. Fryday and Hertel's re-evaluation of Lecideaceae in the southern subpolar region showed

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Circinaria arida (pebble ball lichen) is a 0.5–6 cm, light olive-brown crustose lichen that grows on rock, often like a cluster of little light brown to olive balls growing on pebbles, in the southwestern deserts of North America. It is also found in Eurasia, and arid parts of North America from the southern Great Plains and Midwest to California. It is warty (verrucose) with the warts sometimes cracking apart areolate. The warts or areolas have angular to rounded sides. The 0.2-2.3 mm, convex to flat-topped areolas are separated by deep fissures that may be as deep (0.1–2 mm) as the areola

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