Christopher Schardl

Epichloë festucae is a systemic and seed-transmissible endophytic fungus of cool season grasses. First described in 1994, Epichloë festucae is a sister lineage to Epichloë amarillans, Epichloë baconii, Epichloë mollis and Epichloë stromatolonga. Epichloë festucae is found across North America, where it lives in the grass species Bromus kalmii and Elymus spp. (including Elymus patula).

Epichloë sylvatica is a haploid sexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë. A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 1998, Epichloë sylvatica forms a clade within the Epichloë typhina complex. Epichloë sylvatica is found from Europe to Asia, where it has been identified in association with two grass species, Brachypodium sylvaticum and Hordelymus europaeus.

Epichloë coenophiala is a systemic and seed-transmissible endophyte of tall fescue, a grass endemic to Eurasia and North Africa, but widely naturalized in North America, Australia and New Zealand. The endophyte has been identified as the cause of the "fescue toxicosis" syndrome sometimes suffered by livestock that graze the infected grass. Possible symptoms include poor weight gain, elevated body temperature, reduced conception rates, agalactia, rough hair coat, fat necrosis, loss of switch and ear tips, and lameness or dry gangrene of the feet. Because of the resemblance to symptoms of

Periglandula ipomoeae is a fungus of the genus Periglandula in the family Clavicipitaceae.

Periglandula turbinae is a fungus of the genus Periglandula in the family Clavicipitaceae. It is symbiotic with Ipomoea corymbosa and is responsible for the ergoline alkaloids present in the plant like ergine (lysergic acid amide; LSA), which in turn are responsible for the psychedelic and entheogenic effects of Ipomoea corymbosa.

Epichloë glyceriae is a haploid sexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë. A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 1999, Epichloë glyceriae is an early branching lineage on the Epichloë tree. Epichloë glyceriae is found in North America, where it has been identified in grass species of the genus Glyceria. Epichloë glyceriae is not thought to be seed transmitted.

Epichloë mollis is a haploid sexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë. A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 1982, Epichloë mollis is a sister lineage to Epichloë amarillans, Epichloë baconii, Epichloë festucae and Epichloë stromatolonga. Epichloë mollis is found in Europe, where it has been identified in the grass species Holcus mollis.

Epichloë bromicola is a haploid sexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë. A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 1998, Epichloë bromicola is a sister lineage to Epichloë elymi. Epichloë bromicola is found from Europe to Asia, where it has been identified in many species of grasses. In Europe, it has been associated with Bromus benekenii, Bromus erectus, Bromus ramosus, Elymus repens, Hordelymus europaeus and Hordeum brevisubulatum. In Asia, it has been found in Leymus chinensis and Elymus tsukushiensis. The sexual phase has been observed on Bromus erectus,

Epichloë brachyelytri is a haploid sexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë. A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 1999, Epichloë brachyelytri is a sister lineage to Epichloë aotearoae. Epichloe" grass endophytes comprise group of filamentous fungi of both sexual and asexual species. Epichloë brachyelytri is found in North America, where it has been identified in the grass species Brachyelytrum erectum. To date six Eurasian's and one North American morphospecies have been described, and these approximately corresponding to six distinct mating populations.

Epichloë uncinata is a hybrid asexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë. A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 1990, Epichloë uncinata is a natural allopolyploid of Epichloë bromicola and a strain in the Epichloë typhina complex. Epichloë uncinata is found in Europe, where it has been identified in the grass species Schedonorus pratensis (also called Festuca pratensis or Lolium pratense).

Epichloë tembladerae is a hybrid asexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë. A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 1999, Epichloë tembladerae is a natural allopolyploid of Epichloë festucae and a strain in the Epichloë typhina complex (from Poa nemoralis). Epichloë tembladerae is found in North America, where it has been identified in the grass species Festuca arizonica, and in South America, where it has been found in numerous grass species, including Bromus auleticus, Bromus setifolius, Festuca argentina, Festuca hieronymi, Festuca magellanica, Festuca

Epichloë pampeana is a hybrid asexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë. A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 2009, Epichloë pampeana is a natural allopolyploid of Epichloë festucae and a strain from the Epichloë typhina complex (from Poa nemoralis). Epichloë pampeana is found in South America, where it has been identified in the grass species Bromus auleticus.

Epichloë occultans is a hybrid asexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë. A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 2000, Epichloë occultans is a natural allopolyploid of Epichloë baconii (the Lolium associated clade) and Epichloë bromicola. Epichloë occultans is found in Europe and North Africa, and has been introduced into New Zealand and elsewhere, where it has been identified in the grass species Lolium multiflorum and Lolium rigidum.

Epichloë gansuensis is a haploid species in the fungal genus Epichloë. The sexual phase has not been observed. A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 2004, Epichloë gansuensis is a sister lineage to Epichloë sibirica and an early branching lineage on the Epichloë tree. Epichloë gansuensis is found in Asia, where it has been identified in the grass species Achnatherum inebrians, Achnatherum sibiricum and Achnatherum pekinense.

Epichloë elymi is a haploid sexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë. A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 1999, Epichloë elymi is a sister lineage to Epichloë bromicola. Epichloë elymi is found in North America, where it has been identified in Bromus kalmii and some species of Elymus, including E. patula and E. virginicus.

Epichloë chisosa is a hybrid asexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë. A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 1996, Epichloë chisosa is a natural triploid allopolyploid of Epichloë amarillans, Epichloë bromicola and a strain in the Epichloë typhina complex (from Poa pratensis). Epichloë chisosa is found in North America, where it has been identified in the grass species Achnatherum eminens.

Epichloë cabralii is a hybrid asexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë. A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 2014, Epichloë canadensis is a natural allopolyploid of Epichloë amarillans and a strain from the Epichloë typhina complex (from Poa nemoralis). Epichloë cabralii is found in Argentina (Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego), where it has been identified in the grass species Phleum alpinum.

Epichloë bromicola is a haploid sexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë. A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 1998, Epichloë bromicola is a sister lineage to Epichloë elymi. Epichloë bromicola is found from Europe to Asia, where it has been identified in many species of grasses. In Europe, it has been associated with Bromus benekenii, Bromus erectus, Bromus ramosus, Elymus repens, Hordelymus europaeus and Hordeum brevisubulatum. In Asia, it has been found in Leymus chinensis and Elymus tsukushiensis. The sexual phase has been observed on Bromus erectus,

Epichloë brachyelytri is a haploid sexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë. A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 1999, Epichloë brachyelytri is a sister lineage to Epichloë aotearoae. Epichloe" grass endophytes comprise group of filamentous fungi of both sexual and asexual species. Epichloë brachyelytri is found in North America, where it has been identified in the grass species Brachyelytrum erectum. To date six Eurasian's and one North American morphospecies have been described, and these approximately corresponding to six distinct mating populations.

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