Hildur Krog

Punctelia subrudecta is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Originally described in 1886 as Parmelia subrudecta, it was transferred to the genus Punctelia in 1982. For much of the twentieth century, North American specimens were misidentified as this species, until molecular phylogenetics studies in 2010 revealed that they represented three distinct species, restricting the true P. subrudecta to Old World populations. The lichen forms loosely attached rosettes with narrow, pale grey-green lobes and is distinguished by its pale underside, fine powdery reproductive

Punctelia is a genus of foliose lichens belonging to the large family Parmeliaceae. The genus, which contains about 50 species, was segregated from genus Parmelia in 1982. Characteristics that define Punctelia include the presence of hook-like to thread-like conidia (asexual spores), simple rhizines (root-like structures that attach the lichen thallus to its substrate), and point-like pseudocyphellae (tiny pores on the thallus surface that facilitate gas exchange). It is this last feature that is alluded to in the vernacular names speckled shield lichens or speckleback lichens. Punctelia

Punctelia borreri is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is a common and widely distributed species, occurring in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America. The lichen typically grows on bark of deciduous trees, and less commonly on rock. Some European countries have reported increases in the geographic range or regional frequency of the lichen in recent decades, attributed alternatively to a reduction of atmospheric sulphur dioxide levels or an increase in temperatures resulting from climate change.

Punctelia hypoleucites, commonly known as the southwestern speckled shield lichen, is a species of foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. First formally described by Finnish botanist William Nylander as a species of Parmelia, it was transferred to the genus Punctelia in 1982. The lichen is found in Africa, North America, and South America, where it grows on the bark of both hardwood and coniferous trees. Its greenish-grey thallus is covered with tiny white pseudocyphellae – minute holes in the thallus surface that facilitate gas exchange. Some macroscopic features that help

Lethariella is a genus of fruticose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus was originally proposed as a subgenus of Usnea by Polish lichenologist Józef Motyka in his 1936 monograph of that genus. Norwegian botanist Hildur Krog elevated the taxon to generic status in 1976. Three species of Lethariella are used by ethnic peoples of Yunnan Province (China) as a component of purported health-promoting tea: Lethariella cashmeriana, L. sernanderi, and L. sinensis. Species of Lethariella found in the Himalayas are also used as a component of Tibetan incense because of their fragrance, and are

Hypogymnia imshaugii, commonly known as the forked tube lichen, is a common species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was formally described as a new species by Norwegian botanist Hildur Krog in 1968. It has a grey to gray-green thallus with slender lobes measuring up to 2 mm wide that are branched dichotomously at regular intervals. It has cup- to disc-shaped apothecia that are constricted at the base. The lichen grows on conifer branches, preferring inland habitats that are moderately dry.

Umbilicaria africana is a species of foliose lichen in the family Umbilicariaceae. Initially described as a variety under Gyrophora haplocarpa by Antonio Jatta in 1908, it was elevated to species status in 1986. This lichen is predominantly found on boulders of siliceous rock in the high alpine zones of the tropical mountains of South America and parts of Africa.

Punctelia stictica is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is widely distributed lichen, recorded in Africa, Europe, North America, South America, and Greenland. It is typically found growing on rocks.

Punctelia punctilla is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Africa, South America, and North America, where it grows on bark and on rocks. The main characteristics that distinguish Punctelia punctilla from other species of Punctelia are the presence of isidia on the thallus surface, a pale brown thallus undersurface, and the presence of lecanoric acid in the medulla.

Punctelia bolliana, the eastern speckled shield lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in North America, with a distribution extending from the Canadian province of Ontario south to the central and northeastern United States and Mexico. It grows on the bark of both deciduous trees and coniferous trees. The combination of characteristics that distinguishes this species from others in genus Punctelia are the absence of the vegetative propagules isidia and soralia, a pale brown lower thallus surface, and the presence of the secondary chemical

Punctelia appalachensis, commonly known as the Appalachian speckled shield lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in the eastern United States and eastern Canada. The lichen was first formally described in 1962 by lichenologist William Culberson as a species of Parmelia. He collected the type specimen growing on tree bark in West Virginia, Hildur Krog transferred it to the newly circumscribed genus Punctelia in 1982. The thallus of Punctelia appalachensis is shiny and greenish-gray (drier individuals are bluish-grey); the surface is covered with maculae

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Parmotrema apricum is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Parmeliaceae that is found in Africa. It was originally placed in the genus Parmelia by authors Hildur Krog and Dougal Swinscow in 1981. The holotype collection was made in the Machakos County, north of Kibwezi town in Kenya, where it was found growing on shrubs in a sun-exposed dry location. Two years later, the authors transferred it to the genus Parmotrema. The leathery thallus of Parmotrema apricum is bright yellow to yellow-green, comprising lobes that are 0.5–1 cm wide. Apothecia and pycnidia are not known for this

Parmotrema amaniense is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Africa, the lichen was originally described by J. Steiner and A. Zahlbruckner as a species of Parmelia in 1926. The holotype collection was made in Usambara (Tanzania) at an elevation of 800 metres (2,600 ft). Krog & Swinscow transferred the taxon to Parmotrema in 1983. Secondary chemicals present in Parmotrema amaniense include alectoronic acid, protocetraric acid, and atranorin. In addition to Tanzania, it has been recorded in Uganda, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

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Lethariella cladonioides, locally known as lu xin xue cha (Chinese: 鹿心雪茶; pinyin: lù xīn xuě chá, literally "deer heart snow tea") or hong xue cha (Chinese: 红雪茶; pinyin: hóng xuě chá, literally "red snow tea"), is a fruticose lichenized species of fungus in the family Parmeliaceae. It is distributed throughout Southwest and Northwest China (including eastern Tibet, western Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan, southern Shaanxi, and northwestern Gansu), India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Kashmir. In Nepal, Lethariella cladonioides has been reported at 4,724 m elevation in a compilation of published records;

Lethariella canariensis is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs on the Canary Islands.

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Punctelia rudecta, commonly known as the rough speckled shield or the speckleback lichen, is a North American species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. This species can be readily identified by the light color of the thallus underside, the relatively large lobes at the edges of the thallus, and the tiny white pores present on the top of the thallus that are characteristic of the genus Punctelia. The lichen is quite abundant and widespread in the eastern and southeastern United States, and is less common in Canada and Mexico. The lichen usually grows on bark, and less commonly on

Punctelia riograndensis is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Africa and South America, it was formally described as a new species by Norwegian lichenologist Bernt Lynge in 1914, as Parmelia riograndensis. The type specimen was collected in 1892 from Porto Alegre Municipality in Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil) by Swedish lichenologist Gustav Malme. In 1982, Hildur Krog circumscribed the genus Punctelia to contain Parmelia species with rounded pseudocyphellae, and P. riograndensis was one of the 22 species that she transferred to the new genus. The lichen has a

Punctelia neutralis is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was first formally described in 1971 by American lichenologist Mason Hale, as Parmelia neutralis. The type specimen was collected by Dutch mycologist Rudolf Arnold Maas Geesteranus from the Diepwalle Forest Reserve in Cape Province, South Africa. Hildur Krog transferred it to the Punctelia in 1982, when she promoted that taxon to generic status. In addition to several countries in Africa (Uganda, Congo, South Africa), the lichen has also been reported from India (Northwestern Himalayas and Tamil Nadu) and from

Punctelia microsticta is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in Brazil and Argentina, where it grows on bark.

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