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Hydropunctaria maura, still often called by the older name Verrucaria maura and commonly known as tar lichen, is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen belonging to the family Verrucariaceae. A perennial species that does not experience seasonal variations, it is the type species of the genus Hydropunctaria. The medulla is a black basal layer that forms columns (Latin: punctae) to the upper surface and isolates the algae into pockets near the upper surface. The black band formed by H. maura can often be seen at a distance as a marker of the high water point.

Hydropunctaria rheitrophila is a widely distributed species of crustose lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. It grows on rocks in aquatic environments, typically in streams and rivers where it colonizes silica-containing substrates that are regularly submerged or wetted. The lichen forms a thin to thick crust-like body (thallus) that ranges in colour from pale brownish green to dark green, often dotted with black spots. It is widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in Europe, North America, and Asia, with some occurrences in the Southern Hemisphere including New

Hydropunctaria is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. The genus includes both aquatic and amphibious species, with members that colonise either marine or freshwater habitats. The type species, Hydropunctaria maura, was formerly classified in the large genus Verrucaria. It is a widely distributed species common to littoral zones. Including the type species, five Hydropunctaria lichens are considered marine species: H. adriatica, H. amphibia, H. aractina, H. orae, and H. oceanica.

Wahlenbergiella mucosa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. It is a marine species that grows in the littoral zone, and therefore remains immersed in seawater for extended periods. The lichen forms a smooth, shiny thallus up to 1 mm thick that varies in colour from olive-green in shaded areas to dark green or black in full sunlight. First described by Erik Acharius in 1803 as a member of the genus Verrucaria, it was reclassified in 2009 to the genus Wahlenbergiella following molecular phylogenetics research. The species is very common

Wahlenbergiella is a small genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. It comprises three species, all of which live in marine intertidal zones on exposed, nutrient-poor rocky shores where they get periodically immersed in seawater. Wahlenbergiella closely resembles another lichen genus that includes marine species, Hydropunctaria.

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Wahlenbergiella tavaresiae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. Known from several locations in the San Francisco Bay area of the United States, it is a marine lichen that inhabits intertidal zones, and as such is immersed in seawater on a regular basis. Associated algal species include the red algae Hildenbrandia and Mastocarpus papillatus, and the brown algae Pelvetiopsis and Fucus. Petroderma maculiforme, a brown alga, is the photobiont partner in the lichen.

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Verrucaria rhizicola is a rare species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), aquatic, crustose lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. It was formally described in 2011 and is known only from a single location in France, where it grows on alder tree roots along a stream in a temperate forest. This aquatic lichen has a distinctive ecological niche, being regularly submerged in fresh water. It is characterised by its dull green thallus, black shiny reproductive structures (apothecia), and uniquely shaped spores.

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Cora ciferrii is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. The species was originally described in 1950 from Panama but was later found to have been confused with other similar-looking lichens for decades. In 2014, DNA studies helped scientists sort out this confusion and confirmed it as a distinct species with its current name. The lichen grows on the ground in misty mountain forests of Central and South America, forming large, wavy, shell-like structures that can reach over 10 cm (3.9 in) across.

Hydropunctaria alaskana is a species of crustose lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. The lichen forms a dark, cracked crust on rocks near the sea that occasionally become submerged by water. The species is distinguished by its small, dome-shaped fruiting bodies that protrude from the dark crust and produce microscopic spores inside flask-shaped structures. It was discovered in 2020 in Alaska's Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve and is also found on islands in Alaska and British Columbia.

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