José Paulo Sampaio

Pucciniomycetes (formerly known as Urediniomycetidae) is a diverse class of fungi in the subphylum Pucciniomycotina of phylum Basidiomycota. The class contains 5 orders, 21 families, 190 genera, and approximately 8,016 species. It has been estimated that this class contains about one third of all teleomorphic basidiomycetes. Pucciniomycetes contains many economically important plant pathogenic fungal rusts; the order Pucciniales (formerly Uredinales) is the largest clade in this class, representing approximately 7,000 species. Pucciniomycetes are cosmopolitan and can be found in both

Pucciniomycotina is a subdivision of fungus within the division Basidiomycota. The group was known as Urediniomycetes until 2006, when it was elevated from a class to a subdivision and named after the largest order in the group, Pucciniales. The subdivision contains 10 classes, 21 orders, and 38 families. Over 8400 species of Pucciniomycotina have been described; thus, the subdivision contains more than 8% of all described fungi. Pucciniomycotina appears to be sister to Agaricomycotina, based on maximum-likelihood analysis of six genes.

The Microbotryomycetes are a class of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina of the Basidiomycota. The class currently contains eight orders, plus three additional, unassigned families (Chrysozymaceae, Colacogloeaceae, and Mycogloiocolacaceae), plus seven additional, unassigned genera (Oberwinklerozyma, Pseudohyphozyma, Reniforma, Spencerozyma, Trigonosporomyces, Vonarxula, and Yunzhangia). Many species are known only from their yeast states. Species with hyphal states typically produce auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia and are often parasitic on other fungi or plants. Several

The Cystobasidiomycetes are a class of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina of the Basidiomycota. Most species are known from their yeast states; hyphal states, when present, produce auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia and are frequently (possibly always) parasites of other fungi. The class contains five orders (Buckleyzymales, Cystobasidiales, Erythrobasidiales, Naohideales, and Sakaguchiales) as well as two families (Microsporomycetaceae and Symmetrosporaceae) and one genus (Queiroziella) of uncertain disposition. An additional order, Cyphobasidiales, has been proposed to

The Agaricostilbomycetes are a class of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina of the Basidiomycota. The class consists of a single order, six families, and 15 genera. Its type genus, Agaricostilbum was originally placed in Ascomycota, and later, Agaricomycotina, before being placed in Pucinniomycotina. Most species are known only from their yeast states. Where known, basidiocarps (fruitbodies) are typically small and stilboid (pin-shaped). They tend to by mycoparasitic (parasitise other fungi) or saprobic. Their spindle pole bodies (fungal organelles that are functionally equivalent to

The Atractiellomycetes are class of fungi in the Pucciniomycotina subdivision of the Basidiomycota. The class consists of a single order, the Atractiellales, which contains 3 families, 10 genera, and 58 species.

The Helicobasidiales are an order of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina. The order is currently monotypic, containing the single family Helicobasidiaceae which itself is monotypic, containing the single genus Helicobasidium. The anamorphic genus Tuberculina is a synonym of Helicobasidium, but species are not currently integrated in the latter genus.

The Classiculomycetes are a class of fungi in the Pucciniomycotina subdivision of the Basidiomycota. The class contains a single order, the Classiculales, which in turn contains the single family Classiculaceae. The family contains two monotypic genera. They belong to a morpholigical group called "aquatic hyphomycetes" which are fungi that grow on submerged decaying plant matter, but they are also found as mycoparasites and endophytes. This is only an informal descriptive group which is divided phylogenetically between asco types (the great majority) and basidio types (a small percentage of

Saccharomyces eubayanus, a cryotolerant (cold tolerant) type of yeast, is most likely the parent of the lager brewing yeast, Saccharomyces pastorianus. It is also a parent of Saccharomyces bayanus, a wine and cider yeast. Lager is a type of beer created from malted barley and fermented at low temperatures, originally in Bavaria. S. eubayanus was first discovered in Patagonia and is capable of fermenting glucose, along with the disaccharide maltose at reduced temperatures. Although originally considered a possible case of Columbian exchange, Tibetan (Himalayan) strains of S. eubayanus proved

The Cuniculitremaceae are a family of fungi in the order Tremellales. There are three genera in the family. Sterigmatosporidium polymorphum parasitizes other fungi growing in insect galleries in wood. It does not produce basidiocarps (fruit bodies), but has septate basidia similar to those found in the genus Tremella. Most species are known only from their yeast states.

Bulleribasidium is a genus of fungi in the family Bulleribasidiaceae. The genus currently contains some eleven species. The type species is a parasite of other fungi (Cladosporium sp.), its teleomorph having septate basidia and haustorial cells on its hyphae that connect to the host hyphae. Most species are, however, only known from their yeast states. The genus name of Bulleribasidium is in honour of Arthur Henry Reginald Buller (1874–1944), a British-Canadian mycologist.

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The Cystobasidiales are an order of fungi in the class Cystobasidiomycetes. The order currently consists of a single family (Cystobasidiaceae) and two genera as yet unassigned to a family (Begerowomyces and Robertozyma). Many species in the Cystobasidiales are known only from their yeast states. Where known, basidiocarps (fruit bodies) have auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia and occur as parasites on or in the fruit bodies of other fungi.

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Papiliotrema is a genus of fungi in the family Rhynchogastremaceae. Filamentous states, where known, form septate basidia with haustorial cells indicating they are parasites of other fungi. Most species are currently known only from their yeast states. More than 20 species have been referred to Papiliotrema. Papiliotrema terrestris is considered to be a ubiquitous yeast in the soil. Papiliotrema laurentii is a rare human pathogen.

The Pachnocybe are a genus of fungi, within the monotypic family of Pachnocybaceae Oberw. & R.Bauer, 1989, and within the monotypic order of Pachnocybales, within the class Pucciniomycetes. They are parasitic on plants or saprobic on rotten wood.

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The Mixiomycetes are a class of fungi in the Pucciniomycotina subdivision of the Basidiomycota. The class contains a single order, the Mixiales, which in turn contains a single family, the Mixiaceae that circumscribes the monotypic genus Mixia. Only one species has been described to date, Mixia osmundae; this species was originally named Taphrina osmundae by Japanese mycologist Toji Nishida in 1911. It is characterized by having multinucleate hyphae, and by producing multiple spores on sporogenous cells. The genus name of Mixia is in honour of Arthur Jackson Mix (1888-1956), who was an

The Leucosporidiales are an order of fungi in the class Microbotryomycetes. The order contains a single family, the Leucosporidiaceae, which in turn contains a single genus, Leucosporidium. The order comprises fungi that are mostly known from their yeast states, though some produce hyphal states in culture that give rise to teliospores from which auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia emerge.

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Kondoaceae is a family of fungi in the order Agaricostilbales. The family contains two genera. Most species are known only from their yeast states. Hyphal teleomorphs produced in culture have auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia.

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The Spiculogloeales are an order of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina of the Basidiomycota. The order is currently monotypic, consisting of a single family, the Spiculogloeaceae. Species in the genus Phyllozyma are currently known only from their yeast states. Species in the genus Spiculogloea form hyphal states that produce auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia and are parasitic on other fungi.

Naohidea sebacea is a species of fungus in the order Naohideales. The order is currently monotypic, having only one family, one genus, and one species. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) of Naohidea sebacea form small, gelatinous pustules on wood-inhabiting species of Botryosphaeriaceae. Microscopically, they produce long, slender, auricularioid basidia (with lateral septa) and amygdaliform (almond-shaped) basidiospores.

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