Julius Oscar Brefeld

Heterobasidion annosum is a basidiomycete fungus in the family Bondarzewiaceae. It is considered to be the most economically important forest pathogen in the Northern Hemisphere. Heterobasidion annosum is widespread in forests in the United States and is responsible for the loss of one billion U.S. dollars annually. This fungus has been known by many different names. First described by Fries in 1821, it was known by the name Polyporus annosum. Later, it was found to be linked to conifer disease by Robert Hartig in 1874, and was renamed Fomes annosus by H. Karsten. Its current name of

The Dacrymycetaceae are a family of fungi in the order Dacrymycetales. Species are saprotrophs and occur on dead wood. Their distribution is worldwide. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are ceraceous (waxy) to gelatinous, often yellow to orange, and variously clavarioid, disc-shaped, cushion-shaped, spathulate (spoon-shaped), or corticioid (effused). Genera in the Dacrymycetaceae have traditionally been differentiated on basidiocarp morphology, in later years following the monographs of New Zealand mycologist Robert McNabb. Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has

Heterobasidion is a genus of basidiomycetes in the family of Bondarzewiaceae. Species in this genus include tree decay fungi that may be pathogenic and cause deterioration of tree health including mortality. Fungi in the genus produce shelf-like polyporous fruiting bodies that release spores from pores. Mating studies in the late twentieth century and genetic studies in the early twenty-first century have led to description of several new species and replacement of some of the original names. As a result, two former Heterobasidion species, H. annosum and H. insulare, are now recognized to

Oligoporus is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was circumscribed by German mycologist Julius Oscar Brefeld in 1888 with Oligoporus farinosus as the type. This species is currently known as Postia rennyi. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek words ὀλίγος ("few") and πόρος ("pore"). Oligoporus species have fruit bodies that are either crust-like or pileate (i.e., with a cap). Species cause a brown rot of wood. The hyphal structure is monomytic, meaning that only generative hyphae are produced. Spores made by Oligoporus fungi are ellipsoid or have a short cylindrical

Dictyostelium is a genus of single- and multi-celled eukaryotic, phagotrophic bacterivores. Though they are Protista and in no way fungal, they traditionally are known as "slime molds". They are present in most terrestrial ecosystems as a normal and often abundant component of the soil microflora, and play an important role in the maintenance of balanced bacterial populations in soils. The genus Dictyostelium is in the order Dictyosteliida, the so-called cellular slime molds or social amoebae. In turn the order is in the infraphylum Mycetozoa. Members of the order are of great theoretical

Conidiobolus is a genus of fungi in the order Entomophthorales. Some species were initially defined in Conidiobolus but then moved into other genera such as Capillidium and Batkoa. The genus name Conidiobolus was first introduced in 1884 by Brefeld and was proposed due to differences in its conidia. Members of this genus are typically saprophytic, living in the soil with vegetation and decaying organic matter. They are most commonly found in tropical regions. Some members of this genus may cause a human infection known as conidiobolomycosis; others are invertebrate pathogens. Only three

Anthracoidea is a genus of smut fungi belonging to the family Anthracoideaceae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

Ustilaginoidea is a genus of fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae. The genus contains 19 species. Ustilaginoidea was circumscribed by German botanist Julius Oscar Brefeld in 1895, with Ustilaginoidea oryzae assigned as the type species. Ustilaginoidea virens causes the disesase known alternatively as rice false smut, pseudosmut, or green smut.

Dacrymyces ovisporus is a species of fungus in the family Dacrymycetaceae. It produces small, gelatinous, bright orange to amber fruit bodies on dead conifer wood. The fungus is characterised by its relatively large, nearly spherical spores that develop multiple internal partitions as they mature. First described in Germany in 1888, D. ovisporus has a widespread but uncommon distribution across North America and Europe, where it contributes to the decomposition of woody debris in boreal and temperate forests.

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The Ascocorticiaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota, class Leotiomycetes. This is a monotypic taxon, containing the single genus Ascocorticium. The family was first described by Joseph Schröter in 1893. Species in this family have a widespread distribution in temperate locales, where they grow saprobically, often on the bark of conifers.

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Pyxidiophora is a genus of arthropod-associated fungi in the family Pyxidiophoraceae. It was circumscribed by mycologists Julius Oscar Brefeld and Franz von tavel in 1891. P. nyctalidis is the type species.

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Mycosarcoma is a genus of fungus including Mycosocarma maydis (synonym Ustilago maydis), or 'corn smut fungus'. Mycosarcoma was an old retired genus name that was resurrected in 2016, based on new genetic evidence, to better organize species that were previously thought unrelated. The six recognized species were in different genera originally until genetic testing showed their relations and they were reclassified as Mycosarcoma.

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