Martin W. Miller

Metschnikowia pulcherrima is a ubiquitous species of yeast, with numerous strains, belonging to the family Metschnikowiaceae, and found on grapes, cherries, flowers, spoiled fruit and consequently carried by fruit flies. It is a non-Saccharomyces yeast and plays an important role in the vinification of wine when it is present on grapes or winery equipment, and has historically seen use in South Africa’s wine industry. It is also being studied at the University of Bath as a possible alternative to the use of Palm oil, and early results show promise. M. pulcherrima is ovoid to ellipsoidal in

Pichia heedii is a species of yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae. Described in 1978, it was found growing on a dead senita cactus plant (Lophocereus schottii) in the Sonoran Desert of Baja California, Mexico. The species was named to honor William B. Heed and his contributions to the study of desert-adapted yeasts.

Hanseniaspora osmophila is a species of yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae. It is found in soil and among the bark, leaves, and fruits of plants, as well as fermented foods and beverages made from fruit.

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Phaffia is a genus of fungi in the order Cystofilobasidiales. The genus comprises orange-red yeasts that form basidia directly from yeast cells, lack hyphae throughout their life cycle, and produce astaxanthin, a carotenoid used as an additive in animal feed to enhance colour in shrimp, salmon, and poultry eggs and also as an antioxidant in dietary supplements. The genus was named after the Dutch specialist Herman Phaff who first isolated the type species from slime fluxes of Japanese and North American trees in the 1960s. The genus Xanthophyllomyces was proposed for the teleomorphic

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Lachancea kluyveri is an ascomycetous yeast associated with fruit flies, slime fluxes, soils and foods.

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