Paul Kummer

German botanist (1834-1912).

Paul Kummer (22 August 1834 – 6 December 1912) was a minister, teacher, and scientist in Zerbst, Germany, known chiefly for his contribution to mycological nomenclature. Earlier classification of agarics by pioneering fungal taxonomist Elias Magnus Fries designated only a very small number of genera, with most species falling into Agaricus. These few genera were divided into many tribus ("tribes"; not tribes in the modern sense). In his 1871 work, Der Führer in die Pilzkunde, Kummer raised the majority of Fries "tribus" to the status of genus, thereby establishing many of the generic names fo

Abbreviations: P.Kumm.
Occupations: theologian, naturalist, mycologist, botanist
Citizenships: Duchy of Anhalt
Languages: German
Dates: 1834-08-22T00:00:00Z – 1912-12-07T00:00:00Z
Birth place: Zerbst
Direct attributions: 3 plants, 161 fungi
Authorship mentions: 3 plants, 166 fungi

161 fungi attributed, 5 fungi contributed to166 fungi:

Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) (Jacq.) P. Kumm. 1871
edible fungi species in the pleurotaceae family
Pleurotus ostreatus, commonly known as the oyster mushroom, grey oyster mushroom, oyster fungus, hiratake, or pearl oyster mushroom, is a popular edible mushroom found in temperate and subtropical forests around the world.
Armillaria mellea (Honey Fungus) (Vahl) P. Kumm. 1871
edible fungi species in the physalacriaceae family
Armillaria mellea, commonly known as honey fungus, is an edible basidiomycete fungus in the genus Armillaria. It is a plant pathogen and part of a cryptic species complex of closely related and morphologically similar species. It causes Armillaria root rot in many plant species and produces mushrooms around the base of trees it has infected. The symptoms of infection appear in the crowns of infected trees as discoloured foliage, reduced growth, dieback of the branches and death. The mycelium is capable of producing light via bioluminescence. The mushroom is widely distributed in temperate
Pleurotus (Oyster Mushrooms) (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
fungi genus in the pleurotaceae family
Pleurotus is a genus of gilled mushrooms with species known as oyster, abalone, or tree mushrooms. It includes some of the most commonly cultivated edible mushrooms in the world, such as P. ostreatus. Additionally, some species have been used in the mycoremediation of pollutants.
Psilocybe semilanceata (Liberty Cap) (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
fungi species in the hymenogastraceae family
Psilocybe semilanceata, commonly known as the liberty cap, is a species of fungus which produces the psychoactive compounds psilocybin, psilocin and baeocystin. It is both one of the most widely distributed psilocybin mushrooms in nature, and one of the most potent. The mushrooms have a distinctive conical to bell-shaped cap, up to 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter, with a small nipple-like protrusion on the top. They are yellow to brown, covered with radial grooves when moist, and fade to a lighter color as they mature. Their stipes tend to be slender and long, and the same color or slightly lighter
Psilocybe (Hongos Psilocibos) (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
fungi genus in the hymenogastraceae family
Psilocybe ( SY-loh-SY-bee) is a genus of gilled mushrooms, growing worldwide, in the family Hymenogastraceae. Many species contain the psychedelic compounds psilocybin and psilocin.
Hypholoma fasciculare (Sulfur Tuft) (Huds.) P. Kumm. 1871
fungi species in the strophariaceae family
Hypholoma fasciculare, commonly known as the sulphur tuft or clustered woodlover, is a common woodland mushroom, often in evidence when hardly any other mushrooms are to be found. This saprotrophic small gill fungus grows prolifically in large clumps on stumps, dead roots or rotting trunks of broadleaved trees. The "sulphur tuft" is bitter and poisonous; consuming it can cause vomiting, diarrhea and convulsions.
Tricholoma equestre (Yellow Knight) (L.) P. Kumm. 1871
fungi species in the tricholomataceae family
Tricholoma equestre or Tricholoma flavovirens, commonly known as the man on horseback or yellow knight, is a species of fungus of the genus Tricholoma that forms ectomycorrhiza with pine trees. It has been treasured as an edible mushroom worldwide and is especially abundant in France and Central Portugal. Although it is regarded as quite tasty, cases of poisoning from eating the species have been reported from Europe.
Entoloma sinuatum (Livid Pinkgill) (Bull.) P. Kumm. 1871
fungi species in the entolomataceae family
Entoloma sinuatum (commonly known as the livid entoloma, livid agaric, livid pinkgill, leaden entoloma, and lead poisoner) is a poisonous mushroom found across Europe and North America. Some guidebooks refer to it by its older scientific names of Entoloma lividum or Rhodophyllus sinuatus. The largest mushroom of the genus of pink-spored fungi known as Entoloma, it is also the type species. Appearing in late summer and autumn, fruit bodies are found in deciduous woodlands on clay or chalky soils, or nearby parklands, sometimes in the form of fairy rings. Solid in shape, they resemble members
Clitocybe nebularis (Clouded Funnel) (Batsch) P. Kumm. 1871
edible fungi species in the tricholomataceae family
Clitocybe nebularis or Lepista nebularis, commonly known as the clouded agaric, cloudy clitocybe, or cloud funnel, is an abundant gilled fungus which appears both in conifer-dominated forests and broad-leaved woodland in Europe and North America. Appearing in Britain from mid to late autumn, it is edible, but may cause gastrointestinal issues.
Clitopilus prunulus (The Miller) (Scop.) P. Kumm. 1871
edible fungi species in the entolomataceae family
Clitopilus prunulus, commonly known as the miller, the spy, or the sweetbread mushroom, is a basidiomycete mushroom. It has a grey to white cap, decurrent gills, and pink spores. It is found in grasslands in Europe and North America. Growing solitary to gregarious in open areas of conifer/hardwood forests; common under Bishop pine (Pinus muricata) along the coast north of San Francisco; fruiting shortly after the fall rains. It is edible.
Tricholoma terreum (Grey Knight) (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. 1871
edible fungi species in the tricholomataceae family
Tricholoma terreum, commonly known as the grey knight or dirty tricholoma, is a grey-capped mushroom of the large genus Tricholoma. It is found in coniferous woodlands in Europe and North America, and has also been encountered under introduced pine trees in Australia and New Zealand. It is regarded as edible, but is toxic in extremely high quantities.
Pholiota squarrosa (Shaggy Scalycap) (Vahl) P. Kumm. 1871
fungi species in the strophariaceae family
Pholiota squarrosa, commonly known as the shaggy scalycap, the shaggy Pholiota, or the scaly Pholiota, is a species of mushroom in the family Strophariaceae. Both the cap and the stem are covered in small, pointed scales that are pointed downward and backward. The crowded gills are yellowish, then later rust-brown. The mushroom has an odor that, depending on the author, has been described as resembling garlic, lemon, radish, onion, or skunk. It has a strong taste, resembling radishes. The very similar P. squarrosoides differs in having a paler cap that is sticky between the scales, and
Hypholoma lateritium (Brick Tops) (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. 1871
fungi species in the strophariaceae family
Hypholoma lateritium, sometimes called brick cap, chestnut mushroom, cinnamon cap, brick top, red woodlover or kuritake, is a species of fungus in the genus Hypholoma, which also contains the slightly smaller poisonous species Hypholoma fasciculare.
Clitocybe odora (Aniseed Toadstool) (Bull.) P. Kumm. 1871
edible fungi species in the tricholomataceae family
Clitocybe odora, commonly known as the blue green anise mushroom, or aniseed toadstool, is a blue-green mushroom that smells strongly like anise. It grows near deciduous and coniferous trees, in small groups alongside tree roots. This mushroom is edible but may resemble poisonous species.
Tricholoma saponaceum (Soapy Trich) (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
fungi species in the tricholomataceae family
Tricholoma saponaceum, also known as the soap-scented toadstool, soapy tricholoma, soapy knight or soap tricholoma is an inedible mushroom found in woodlands in Europe and North America.
Pluteus cervinus (Deer Mushroom) (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. 1871
edible fungi species in the pluteaceae family
Pluteus cervinus, commonly known as the deer shield, deer mushroom, or fawn mushroom, is a species of fungus in the order Agaricales. Fruit bodies are agaricoid (mushroom-shaped). Pluteus cervinus is saprotrophic and fruit bodies are found on rotten logs, roots, tree stumps, sawdust, and other wood waste. It is common in Europe and eastern North America.
Lepiota cristata (Stinking Dapperling) (Bolton) P. Kumm. 1871
fungi species in the agaricaceae family
Lepiota cristata, commonly known as the stinking dapperling, brown-eyed parasol, or the stinking parasol, is an agaric mushroom in the family Agaricaceae. It produces fruit bodies characterized by the flat, reddish-brown concentric scales on the caps, and an unpleasant odour resembling burnt rubber. Similar Lepiota species can sometimes be distinguished from L. cristata by differences in cap colour, stipe structure, or odour, although some species can only be reliably distinguished through the use of microscopy. A common and widespread species—one of the most widespread fungi in the genus
Inocybe geophylla (White Fibrecap) P. Kumm. 1871
fungi species in the inocybaceae family
Inocybe geophylla, commonly known as the little white inocybe, white fiberhead, earthy inocybe, common white inocybe or white fibercap, is a species of fungi in the genus Inocybe. It has a common lilac-coloured variety, lilacina. Inocybe geophylla forms a small white to cream mushroom with a fibrous silky umbonate cap and adnexed gills. It is widespread in Europe and North America, appearing under conifer and deciduous trees in summer and autumn. The mushroom is poisonous.
Hygrocybe conica (Blackening Wax-cap) (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. 1871
fungi species in the hygrophoraceae family
Hygrocybe conica is a species of agaric (gilled mushroom) in the family Hygrophoraceae. In the UK it has been given the recommended English name of blackening waxcap, since all parts of the basidiocarp (fruit body) blacken with age. In North America it is commonly known as the witch's hat, conical wax cap or conical slimy cap. Hygrocybe conica is known to be a complex of at least eleven closely related species and as such is widespread in Eurasia, North America, and elsewhere.
Hygrocybe coccinea (Scarlet Waxy Cap) (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. 1871
edible fungi species in the hygrophoraceae family
Hygrocybe coccinea, sometimes called the scarlet hood, scarlet waxcap or righteous red waxy cap, is a colourful fungus of the genus Hygrocybe, forming a small red (but indistinct) mushroom. It is found across the Northern Hemisphere, being a familiar sight in unimproved grasslands of Europe in late summer and autumn, and in woodlands of North America in winter. It is edible but of low interest.
Hygrocybe (Waxy Caps) (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
fungi genus in the hygrophoraceae family
Hygrocybe is a genus of agarics (gilled fungi) in the family Hygrophoraceae. Called waxcaps in English (sometimes waxy caps in North America), basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are often brightly coloured and have dry to waxy caps, white spores, and smooth, ringless stems. In Europe waxcaps are characteristic of old, unimproved grasslands (termed waxcap grasslands) which are a declining habitat, making many Hygrocybe species of conservation concern. Nine of these waxcap-grassland species, Hygrocybe aurantiosplendens, H. citrinovirens, H. intermedia, H. mucronella, H. punicea, H. quieta, H.
Entoloma (Pinkgills) Fr. ex P. Kumm. 1871
fungi genus in the entolomataceae family
Entoloma is a genus of fungi in the order Agaricales, with the common name of pinkgills. The basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are typically agaricoid (gilled mushrooms), though a minority are gasteroid. All have salmon-pink basidiospores which colour the gills at maturity and are angular (polyhedral) under a microscope. The genus is large, with almost 2000 species worldwide. Most species are saprotrophic, but some are ectomycorrhizal, and a few are parasitic on other fungi. The type, Entoloma sinuatum, is one of several Entoloma species that are poisonous, typically causing mild to severe
Mycena pura (Lilac Bonnet) (Pers.) P. Kumm. 1871
edible fungi species in the mycenaceae family
Mycena pura, commonly known as the lilac mycena, lilac bonnet, is a species of mushroom in the family Mycenaceae.
Pholiota (Scalycaps) (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
fungi genus in the strophariaceae family
Pholiota is a genus of small to medium-sized, fleshy mushrooms in the family Strophariaceae. They are saprobes that typically live on wood. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and contains about 150 species.
Mycena haematopus (Burgundydrop Bonnet) (Pers.) P. Kumm. 1871
fungi species in the mycenaceae family
Mycena haematopus, commonly known as the bleeding fairy helmet, the burgundydrop bonnet, or the bleeding Mycena, is a species of fungus in the family Mycenaceae, of the order Agaricales. First described scientifically in 1799, it is classified in the section Lactipedes of the genus Mycena, along with other species that produce a milky or colored latex. The fruit bodies of M. haematopus have caps that are up to 4 cm (1+5⁄8 in) wide, whitish gills, and a thin, fragile reddish-brown stem with thick coarse hairs at the base. They are characterized by their reddish color, the scalloped cap edges,
Lepiota clypeolaria (Shield Dapperling) (Bull.) P. Kumm. 1871
fungi species in the agaricaceae family
Lepiota clypeolaria, commonly known as the shield dapperling or the shaggy-stalked Lepiota, is a common species of mushroom in the genus Lepiota. The fruit bodies have a brownish cap, a shaggy stipe with a collapsed, sheathing ring or ring zone, and spindle-shaped spores. It is widely distributed in northern temperate zones, where it grows in deciduous and coniferous forests.
Hypholoma (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
fungi genus in the strophariaceae family
Hypholoma is a genus of fungi which are quite well known due to the commonness of sulphur tuft (Hypholoma fasciculare) on stumps in temperate woodlands. Species in this genus are easily recognizable because the dark spores create a distinctive greenish effect on the yellow cap underside. Hypholoma means "mushrooms with threads" because of the thread-like veil that connects the cap to the stem when young and for the bundles of rhizomorphs which radiate outwards from the stem base. Other well-known species are H. capnoides and H. lateritium.
Tricholoma sulphureum (Sulphur Knight) (Bull.) P. Kumm. 1871
edible fungi species in the tricholomataceae family
Tricholoma sulphureum, also known as the stinker, sulphur knight or gas agaric, is a species of fungus. The mushroom has a distinctive bright yellow colour and an unusual smell likened to coal gas. It occurs in deciduous woodlands in Europe from spring to autumn. It is inedible or mildly poisonous.
Hypholoma capnoides (Conifer Tuft) (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
edible fungi species in the strophariaceae family
Hypholoma capnoides, commonly known as the conifer tuft, is a mushroom in the family Strophariaceae. Found in both the Old and New World, it grows on decaying wood and is edible, though may resemble some poisonous species.
Tricholoma virgatum (Ashen Knight) (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871
fungi species in the tricholomataceae family
Tricholoma virgatum, commonly known as the ashen knight, is a mushroom of the agaric genus Tricholoma.
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