Rytas J. Vilgalys

Coprinopsis atramentaria, commonly known as the alcohol inky cap, common ink cap, tippler's bane, or inky cap, is a species of fungus. It is the second best-known ink cap after Coprinus comatus, its former congener. The grey-brown cap is initially bell-shaped before opening, after which it flattens and disintegrates. The flesh is thin and the taste mild. It is a widespread and common throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Clumps of mushrooms arise after rain from spring to autumn, commonly in urban and disturbed habitats such as vacant lots and lawns, as well as grassy areas. It can be eaten,

Coprinellus micaceus, commonly known as the mica cap, glistening inky cap, or shiny cap, is a common species of mushroom-forming fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae. Formerly known as Coprinus micaceus, the species was transferred to Coprinellus in 2001 as phylogenetic analyses provided the impetus for a reorganization of the many species formerly grouped together in the genus Coprinus. Based on external appearance, C. micaceus is virtually indistinguishable from C. truncorum, and it has been suggested that many reported collections of the former may be of the latter. Depending on their

The Psathyrellaceae are a family of dark-spored agarics that generally have rather soft, fragile fruiting bodies, and are characterized by black, dark brown, rarely reddish, or even pastel-colored spore prints. About 50% of species produce fruiting bodies that dissolve into ink-like ooze when the spores are mature via autodigestion. Prior to phylogenetic research based upon DNA comparisons, most of the species that autodigested were classified as Coprinaceae, which contained all of the inky-cap mushrooms. However, the type species of Coprinus, Coprinus comatus, and a few other species, were

Coprinopsis picacea, commonly known as the magpie mushroom, magpie fungus, or magpie inkcap, is a species of fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae.

Protostropharia semiglobata, commonly known as the hemispherical stropharia, the dung roundhead, or the halfglobe mushroom, is an agaric fungus of the family Strophariaceae. The mushrooms have hemispherical straw yellow to buff-tan caps measuring 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in), greyish gills that become dark brown in age, and a slender, smooth stem 3–12 cm (1.2–4.7 in) long with a fragile ring. A common and widespread species with a cosmopolitan distribution, the fungus produces mushrooms on the dung of various wild and domesticated ruminants.

Parasola plicatilis, commonly known as the pleated inkcap, is a small saprotrophic mushroom. The body resembles a cocktail umbrella. The plicate cap is up to 3.5 centimetres (1+1⁄2 in) wide. The species has no veil. Though nonpoisonous, the species is generally regarded as inedible and thin-fleshed. Two related species, P. hemerobia and P. leiocephala, have similar microscopic features but appear in different habitats and have unique spores. Other lookalikes include Leucocoprinus fragilissimus and members of Coprinopsis, Narcissea, and Tulosesus. P. plicatilis is a widely distributed species

Coprinopsis nivea, commonly known as the snowy inky cap or snowy inkcap, is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae.

Coprinopsis lagopus, commonly known as the hare's foot inkcap, harefoot mushroom, or rabbit's foot inky cap, is a species of fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae. It is commonly known as the harefoot mushroom due to the vague resemblance of the young fruit body to the paw of a white rabbit. It is a delicate and short-lived fungus, the fruit bodies lasting only a few hours before dissolving into a black ink – a process called deliquescence.

Coprinellus domesticus, commonly known as the domestic inky cap, or firerug inkcap, is a species of mushroom in the family Psathyrellaceae.

Ampulloclitocybe clavipes, commonly known as the club-foot or club-footed clitocybe, is a species of gilled mushroom from Europe and North America. The grey-brown mushrooms have yellowish decurrent gills and a bulbous stalk, and are found in deciduous and conifer woodlands. While potentially edible, it resembles poisonous species and its consumption with alcohol can result in a disulfiram-like reaction.

Parasola is a genus of coprinoid mushrooms in the family Psathyrellaceae. These small frail fungi have translucent caps where the radiating gills look like the spokes of a parasol (except for P. conopilea which was recently added to the genus). In the past these mushrooms were classified under Coprinus, but unlike that genus there is no veil and the caps do not break down into inky fluid, but curl up and wither as they age. Species in this genus are commonly known as umbrella inky caps.

Lichenomphalia umbellifera, also known as the lichen agaric or the green-pea mushroom lichen, is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It forms a symbiotic relationship with unicellular algae in the genus Coccomyxa.

Lichenomphalia is both a basidiolichen and an agaric genus. Most of the species have inconspicuous lichenized thalli that consist of scattered, small, loose, nearly microscopic green balls or foliose small flakes containing single-celled green algae in the genus Coccomyxa, all interconnected by a loose network of hyphae. The agaric fruit bodies themselves are nonlichenized and resemble other types of omphalinoid mushrooms. These agarics lack clamp connections and do not form hymenial cystidia. The basidiospores are hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, and nonamyloid. Most of the species were

Coprinopsis cinerea is a species of mushroom in the family Psathyrellaceae. Commonly known as the gray shag, it is edible, but must be used promptly after collecting. Coprinopsis cinerea is an important model organism for studying fungal sex and mating types, mushroom development, and the evolution of multicellularity of fungi. The genome sequence was published in 2010. It is considered to be particularly suited organism to study meiosis, due to its synchronous meiotic development and prolonged prophase.

Coprinellus xanthothrix is a species of fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae. This species was isolated from a polyphenol-polluted site near an olive processing plant in Greece. Shown to have the enzymes laccase and manganese peroxidase, the fungus is able to decolorize the recalcitrant polymeric dye R-478. First described as Coprinus xanthothrix by the French mycologist Henri Romagnesi in 1941, it was later transferred to the genus Coprinellus in 2001.

Coprinellus truncorum is a species of mushroom-forming fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae. Part of the cluster of mushrooms morphologically related to Coprinellus micaceus, this species can be distinguished from C. micaceus by a smooth, rather than pruinose (powdery) stipe, and by having more elliptical spores. Although not conclusively proven, this species may be conspecific with C. micaceus.

Coprinellus radians is a species of mushroom in the family Psathyrellaceae. First described as Agaricus radians by the mycologist John Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières in 1828, it was later transferred to the genus Coprinellus in 2001.

Parasola auricoma or goldenhaired inkcap is a species of agaric fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae first described scientifically in 1886. The small, umbrella-shaped fruit bodies (mushrooms) of the fungus grow in grass or woodchips and are short-lived, usually collapsing with age in a few hours. The caps are up to 6 cm (2.4 in) wide, initially elliptical before flattening out, and colored reddish-brown to greyish, depending on their age and hydration. They are pleated with radial grooves extending from the center to the edge of the cap. The slender, whitish stems are up to 12 cm (4.7 in)

Coprinellus flocculosus is a species of agaric fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae.

Ampulloclitocybe is a genus of three species of fungi with a widespread distribution.

Arrhenia epichysium is a species of agaric fungus in the family Hygrophoraceae. The fruit body has small brown to dark gray caps measuring 1–3 cm (1⁄2–1+1⁄4 in) in diameter. The cap color changes to light gray to tan when it is dry. The gills are narrow and thin, placed together closely, and decurrently attached to the stipe, which can be up to 5 cm (2 in) long. The flesh is grayish and watery. The spores are smooth and ellipsoid, measuring 6–7.5 μm. The spore print is white. Outside of its genus, it can resemble the slightly larger Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis. It can be found on dead wood

Lichenomphalia hudsoniana is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is widely distributed in alpine and arctic regions of the world, where it grows on moist soil amongst moss.

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Coprinellus ellisii is a species of mushroom in the family Psathyrellaceae. Found in Europe, it was first described as Coprinus ellisii by Peter D. Orton in 1960, and later transferred to the genus Coprinellus in 2001. The specific epithet ellisii honours E.A. Ellis, who, according to Orton, was "the Norfolk naturalist and mycologist who collected this and who brought me many puzzling and apparently undescribed agarics."

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Parasola misera is a species of coprophilous fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae. It grows on the dung of goats and possibly on that of sheep.

Loreleia is a genus of brightly colored agarics in the Hymenochaetales that have an omphalinoid morphology. They inhabit mosses and or liverworts on soil in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Phylogenetically related agarics are in the genera Contumyces, Gyroflexus, Rickenella, Cantharellopsis and Blasiphalia, as well as the stipitate-stereoid genera Muscinupta and Cotylidia and the clavaroid genus, Alloclavaria. However, the large number of DNA base-pair changes causes a long-branch to form in phylogenetic analyses depicted as cladograms. In the field, to the eye, Loreleia is most

Coprinopsis stercorea, commonly known as the dung-loving inky cap, is a species of coprophilous fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae. It grows on the dung of sheep, goats and donkeys.

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Coprinopsis radiata, formerly known as Coprinus radiatus, and commonly known as the miniature woolly inky cap, is a coprophilous fungus that grows on herbivore dung. It is heterothallic.