Theodor Magnus Fries

Swedish lichenologist and biologist (1832-1913).

Theodor "Thore" Magnus Fries (28 October 1832 – 29 March 1913), was a Swedish botanist, lichenologist, and Arctic explorer. He was the son of the mycologist Elias Fries. Following in his father's footsteps, Fries studied botany, obtaining his doctoral degree in 1857 at Uppsala. He is credited for introducing the term phyllocladium in a commentary about the lichen genus Stereocaulon in an 1858 publication. He became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1865 and professor of botany and applied economics at Uppsala in 1877. Fries edited several exsiccata series. His most notable w

Abbreviations: Th.Fr.
Occupations: mycologist, scientific collector, lichenologist, university teacher, economist, botanist, botanical collector
Citizenships: Sweden
Languages: Swedish, Latin
Dates: 1832-10-28T00:00:00Z – 1913-01-01T00:00:00Z
Birth place: Femsjö
Direct attributions: 4 plants, 175 fungi
Authorship mentions: 11 plants, 287 fungi

175 fungi attributed, 112 fungi contributed to287 fungi:

Xanthoria parietina (Common Sunburst Lichen) (L.) Th. Fr. 1860
fungi species in the teloschistaceae family
Xanthoria parietina is a common and widespread lichen-forming fungus in the family Teloschistaceae. Commonly known as the yellow wall lichen, common orange lichen, or maritime sunburst lichen, this leafy lichen is known for its vibrant yellow to orange coloration and environmental adaptability. First described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, it has become one of the most thoroughly studied lichens, contributing significantly to scientific understanding of lichen biology. Unlike many lichens that are sensitive to pollution, X. parietina grows in diverse habitats—including coastal rocks, urban walls,
Caloplaca (Orange Lichens) Th. Fr. 1860
fungi genus in the teloschistaceae family
Caloplaca is a lichen genus comprising a number of distinct species. Members of the genus are commonly called firedot lichen, jewel lichen. gold lichens, "orange lichens", but they are not always orange, as in the case of C. albovariegata. The distribution of this lichen genus is worldwide, extending from Antarctica to the high Arctic. It includes a portion of northern North America and the Russian High Arctic. There are about thirty species of Caloplaca in the flora of the British Isles. A new species of Caloplaca, C. obamae, the first species to be named in honor of Barack Obama, was
Xanthoria (Sunburst Lichens) (Fr.) Th. Fr. 1861
fungi genus in the teloschistaceae family
Xanthoria is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. Common names include orange lichen, orange wall lichen, and sunburst lichen. They can be identified by their characteristic squamulose morphology with distinctive "fairy cups".
Xanthoria elegans (Elegant Sunburst Lichen) (Link) Th. Fr. 1860
fungi species in the teloschistaceae family
Rusavskia elegans (formerly Xanthoria elegans), commonly known as the elegant sunburst lichen, is a lichenized species of fungus in the genus Rusavskia, family Teloschistaceae. Recognized by its bright orange or red pigmentation, this species grows on rocks, often near bird or rodent perches. It has a circumpolar and alpine distribution. It was one of the first lichens to be used for the rock-face dating method known as lichenometry.
Rhizopogon roseolus (Blushing False Truffle) (Corda) Th. Fr. 1909
fungi species in the rhizopogonaceae family
Rhizopogon roseolus, shōro (Japanese: 松露/ショウロ), is a species of ectomycorrhizal fungus. It is considered a delicacy in Japan.
Teloschistes chrysophthalmus (Goldeneye Lichen) (L.) Th. Fr. 1861
fungi species in the teloschistaceae family
Teloschistes chrysophthalmus, sometimes referred to as the gold-eye lichen or golden-eye, is a fruticose lichen with branching lobes. Their sexual structures, apothecia, are bright-orange with spiny projections (cilia) situated around the rim.
Pilophorus acicularis (Devil's Matchstick) (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1857
fungi species in the cladoniaceae family
Pilophorus acicularis, commonly known as the nail lichen or the devil's matchstick lichen, is a species of matchstick lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. P. aciculare has both crustose (crust-like) and fruticose thallus (shrub-like) body parts. The lichen starts out as a granular crust on the rock surface, and develops fruticose stalks, or pseudopodetia, up to 3 cm (1.2 in) tall and about 1 mm thick that have rounded black apothecia at the tips. The stalks are erect and curved so as to appear combed. It grows directly on silicate rocks in dense clusters. It is found on the west coast of North
Pilophorus (Matchstick Lichens) Th. Fr. 1857
fungi genus in the cladoniaceae family
Pilophorus is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. They are commonly known as matchstick lichens. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and contains 11 species.
Peltigera scabrosa (Greater Toad Pelt Lichen) Th. Fr. 1860
fungi species in the peltigeraceae family
Peltigera scabrosa is a lichen which has a circumpolar distribution. Its common name is scabby pelt. In Nepal, Peltigera scabrosa has been reported at 3,800 m elevation in a compilation of published records. It is a known host species to the lichenicolous fungus Nectriopsis lecanodes.
Lecania cyrtella (Lecania Lichen) (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1871
fungi species in the ramalinaceae family
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Caloplaca nivalis (Orange Lichen) (Körb.) Th. Fr. 1871
fungi species in the teloschistaceae family
Lendemeriella nivalis is a species of muscicolous (moss-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It can be found in various cold-climate locations including Greenland, Svalbard, Ukraine, and throughout mid to high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. First discovered and described in 1853, this organism forms a thin, skin-like or granular crust that ranges from pale to dark grey in colour as it spreads over its moss host. The lichen's reproductive structures (apothecia) appear as small, round discs measuring up to 0.7 millimetres across, featuring a distinctive combination
Caloplaca cirrochroa (Orange Lichen) (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1871
fungi species in the teloschistaceae family
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Leptorhaphis epidermidis (Birchbark Dot Lichen) (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1861
fungi species in the naetrocymbaceae family
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Caloplaca obscurella (J. Lahm ex Körb.) Th. Fr. 1871
fungi species in the teloschistaceae family
Caloplaca obscurella is a species of crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Europe, the lichen was first described as a new species of Blastenia by Johann Gottlieb Franz-Xaver Lahm in Gustav Wilhelm Körber's 1860 work Parerga lichenologica. It has been transferred to several genera in its taxonomic history, but was transferred to genus Caloplaca and given the binomial name it is now known as by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1871.
Buellia aethalea (Darkened Button Lichen) (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1874
fungi species in the caliciaceae family
Buellia aethalea is a species of lichen that belongs to the family Caliciaceae. It is commonly known as darkened button lichen, and Buellie noircie in French. The lichen's familiar nickname is inspired by the appearance of its surface, adorned with small black spots reminiscent of buttons.
Arctomiaceae Th. Fr. 1861
fungi family in the order arctomiales
The Arctomiaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the Ascomycota, class Baeomycetales. The family was named by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1861, with Arctomia as the type genus. Species in this family are found in arctic and subarctic habitats, usually associated with bryophytes. In overall morphology, the Arctomiaceae combine features that are otherwise uncommon together within the Ostropomycetidae: a consistent association with cyanobacterial genus Nostoc, gelatinous thalli, and fruiting bodies that develop openly rather than being enclosed.
Schizopelte californica (Fog Fingers) Th. Fr. 1875
fungi species in the opegraphaceae family
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Rhizocarpon badioatrum (Map Lichen) (Flörke ex Spreng.) Th. Fr. 1874
fungi species in the rhizocarpaceae family
Rhizocarpon badioatrum is a widely distributed species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Rhizocarpaceae. This lichen forms a brown crust broken into small tile-like plates surrounded by a distinctive jet-black border, with scattered black disc-shaped fruiting bodies up to 1 mm across. It has a very wide global distribution, being found across multiple continents including Europe, North America, Australia, Asia, Africa, and even Antarctica.
Lecanora albellula (Wood-spot Rim Lichen) (Nyl.) Th. Fr. 1871
fungi species in the lecanoraceae family
Lecanora albellula is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It grows tightly attached to the bark and wood of trees in both coniferous and mixed forests. First described in 1866 by the Finnish lichenologist William Nylander from material collected in Russian Lapland, it is widely distributed across Asia, Europe, and North America. The species is easily recognised by its pale, finely granular thallus—which can appear somewhat wart-like—and its small, round, light brick-coloured apothecia. Its name, referring to its whitish appearance, is based on traditional morphological
Ionaspis (Watercolor Lichens) Th. Fr. 1871
fungi genus in the hymeneliaceae family
Ionaspis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Hymeneliaceae. It contains six species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. The genus was originally circumscribed in 1871 by Theodor Magnus Fries. He segregated the genus from Aspicilia based on the presence of Trentepohlia rather than Trebouxia as the photobiont partner.
Chaenotheca chrysocephala (Canary Whiskers) (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1860
fungi species in the coniocybaceae family
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Catillaria lenticularis (Catillaria Lichen) (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1874
fungi species in the catillariaceae family
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Bacidia arceutina (Dotted Lichen) (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1865
fungi species in the ramalinaceae family
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Arthrorhaphis (Dot Lichens) Th. Fr. 1860
fungi genus in the arthrorhaphidaceae family
Arthrorhaphis is a genus of fungi in the monotypic family Arthrorhaphidaceae. It has 13 species. Species in this family have a widespread distribution in temperate and montane habitats. They grow symbiotically with green algae, or parasitically on other lichens. These fungi typically start as parasites on other lichens but can later become free-living, forming bright greenish-yellow to greyish scales on acidic soils and weathered rocks in cool upland regions.
Staurothele clopima (Drummond's Wart Lichen) (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Th. Fr. 1861
fungi species in the verrucariaceae family
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Schaereria cinereorufa (Schaereria Lichen) (Schaer.) Th. Fr. 1861
fungi species in the schaereriaceae family
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Rinodina colobina (Rinodina Lichen) (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1871
fungi species in the physciaceae family
Rinodina colobina is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Physciaceae. It has a dark grey, granular appearance and typically grows on nutrient-rich bark of deciduous trees, including elm, maple, and oak. The lichen is characterised by small black reproductive structures (apothecia) surrounded by a grey margin. It is widely distributed across Europe and North America, favouring areas with consistently high humidity levels.
Rhizocarpon reductum Th. Fr. 1874
fungi species in the rhizocarpaceae family
Rhizocarpon reductum is a widely distributed species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Rhizocarpaceae. This lichen forms thin, pale grey to brown crusts that crack into tiny angular plates, with scattered black disc-shaped fruiting bodies about 0.4–0.6 mm across. It has an extremely wide global distribution, being found on multiple continents including Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America, Australia, New Zealand, and even Antarctica.
Polyblastia gothica (Polyblastia Lichen) Th. Fr. 1865
fungi species in the verrucariaceae family
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Polyblastia agraria Th. Fr. 1865
fungi species in the verrucariaceae family
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