Theodore Lee Esslinger

Melanohalea is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It contains 30 mostly Northern Hemisphere species that grow on bark or on wood. The genus is characterised by the presence of pseudocyphellae (tiny pores that allow for gas exchange), usually on warts or on the tips of isidia, a non-pored epicortex and a medulla containing depsidones or lacking secondary metabolites. Melanohalea was circumscribed in 2004 as a segregate of the morphologically similar genus Melanelia, which was created in 1978 for certain brown Parmelia species. The methods used to estimate the evolutionary

Melanelia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. These lichens typically grow on rocks and form relatively large, leaf-like structures with brown to blackish upper surfaces and pale undersides. The genus originally included many more species, but most have since been moved to related genera like Melanohalea and Melanelixia, leaving only five accepted species today.

Melanohalea exasperatula, commonly known as the lustrous camouflage lichen or lustrous brown-shield, is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It has a widespread global distribution and is common in both Europe and northern North America. Its thallus can grow up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter, with marginal lobes up to 5 mm (3⁄16 in) broad. The upper surface is pale olive-green to red-brown, with isidia (propagules of vegetative reproduction) that are unbranched, inflated, and hollow. It can be distinguished from similar species by the shape and

Melanohalea elegantula, commonly known as the elegant camouflage lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was first described by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1894 as Parmelia aspidota var. elegantula. Hungarian lichenologist Ödön Szatala promoted it to full species status, as Parmelia elegantula, in 1930. Theodore Esslinger transferred it to the genus Melanelia in 1978. Finally, it was assigned to the newly circumscribed genus Melanohalea in 2004.

Melanelixia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It contains 15 Northern Hemisphere species that grow on bark or on wood. The genus is characterized by a pored or fenestrate epicortex (a thin homogeneous polysaccharide layer on the surface of the cortex), and the production of lecanoric acid as the primary chemical constituent of the medulla. Melanelixia was circumscribed in 2004 as a segregate of the related genus Melanelia.

Allantoparmelia is a genus of lichenised fungi in the large family Parmeliaceae. It is a genus of only three currently accepted species. All three Allantoparmelia lichens have a foliose growth form. They appear to be a very slow growing group of lichens, with a mean annual thallus diameter increase of only 0.23–0.35 mm per year.

Physciella chloantha is a species of foliose lichen in the family Physciaceae. The lichen, which occurs in diverse regions including the Upper Midwest of the US, Europe, Japan, Pakistan, and European Russia, is common in certain areas. Its thallus forms circular patches up to 3 cm in diameter, made up of many small, discrete lobes that can grow together to cover large areas, often intermingling with other lichen species. These lobes, which vary from short and rounded to slightly elongated, have numerous soralia (reproductive structures) on their edges and surfaces, while the undersides are

Melanelia stygia, the alpine camouflage lichen, is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. The dark-coloured lichen, first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, forms leafy growths on rocks in arctic and alpine regions throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The lichen has a dark brown to black, glossy surface with narrow, overlapping lobes and tiny pores called pseudocyphellae scattered across its surface. It is a slow-growing species well-adapted to harsh mountain environments, where it is commonly found on non-calcareous rocks at high elevations. While it tolerates extreme cold

Physciella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. Circumscribed by the lichenologist Ted Esslinger in 1986, it is distinguished from the similar genera Physcia and Phaeophyscia by its prosoplectenchymatous (comprising long, narrow, wavy, parallel hyphae) lower cortex, the lack of the secondary metabolite (lichen product) atranorin in the upper cortex, and short, ellipsoid-shaped conidia.

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Melanelixia fuliginosa is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae, commonly found growing on siliceous rocks in humid, temperate regions of Europe and possibly parts of Asia. It forms dark brown to blackish rosettes up to 15 cm in diameter with small overlapping lobes that bear numerous tiny, cylindrical outgrowths (isidia) on their surface. The lichen primarily reproduces by vegetative means when these isidia break off and establish new colonies. Originally described by French botanist Jean Étienne Duby in 1830 as a variety of another lichen, it has undergone several taxonomic

Melanohalea zopheroa is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was first formally described in 1977 by Ted Esslinger as Parmelia zopheroa. A year later, he transferred it to the new genus Melanelia, which he created to contain the brown Parmeliae species. In 2004, after early molecular phylogenetic evidence showed that Melanelia was not monophyletic, Melanohalea was circumscribed by lichenologists Oscar Blanco, Ana Crespo, Pradeep K. Divakar, Esslinger, David L. Hawksworth and H. Thorsten Lumbsch, and M. zopheroa was transferred to it. The lichen has a disjunct distribution, as it

Melanohalea ushuaiensis is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was first formally described in 1917 by Alexander Zahlbruckner as Parmelia ushuaiensis. Ted Esslinger transferred to the new genus Melanelia in 1978, which he circumscribed to contain the brown parmeliae species. In 2004, it was moved to the newly created genus Melanohalea. It is endemic to South America.

Melanohalea trabeculata is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was first formally described by Finnish lichenologist Teuvo Ahti in 1966 as Parmelia trabeculata. Ted Esslinger transferred the species to the new genus Melanelia in 1978, which he circumscribed to contain the brown parmeliae species. In 2004, it was moved to the newly circumscribed genus Melanohalea. Ahti collected the type in the Cochrane District of Ontario, Canada, on the west end of Martison Lake. There he found it growing on the trunk of a large willow tree on the lake shore. He suggested that it is a

Melanohalea subolivacea, commonly known as the brown-eyed camouflage lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae.

Melanohalea subelegantula is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It grows on tree bark and is characterized by small, finger-like outgrowths that may develop into tiny lobes. The species occurs in western North America and has also been recorded from Tibet.

Melanohalea olivacea, the spotted camouflage lichen or spotted brown shield, is a species of brown foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It forms rounded, olive-brown to dark brown patches (rosettes) that are typically 5–8 centimetres across on tree bark, particularly on birches in boreal forests and mountain woodlands. The lichen is distinguished by small pale spots called pseudocyphellae scattered across its upper surface and a black lower surface with dark rhizines (root-like attachment threads). Originally described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as Lichen olivaceus, the species was moved

Melanohalea halei is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. The species was first described in 1966 by the Finnish lichenologist Teuvo Ahti from specimens in eastern North America that had previously been misidentified as Melanohalea olivacea. It is distinguished from similar brown foliose lichens by its yellowish- to greenish-brown colour, a thallus that lies closely against the bark and develops tiny side lobes toward the center, and a medulla that reacts K+ (yellow0 and P+ (red) in standard chemical spot tests. The lichen typically forms roundish patches about 10 cm (4 in)

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Montanelia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the large family Parmeliaceae. The genus comprises foliose lichens recognised by its short, narrow lobes with flat to slightly convex edges; a smooth, unperforated outer skin (epicortex); shallow, irregular pseudocyphellae—tiny pores—on the upper surface; slender, cylindrical to spindle-shaped asexual spores (conidia); and a white medulla that contains orcinol depsides.

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Melanohalea poeltii is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in Nepal and northeastern India, where it grows on the bark of dwarf shrubs and other woody plants in windswept subalpine scrub.

Melanohalea gomukhensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in northern India.

Melanelixia albertana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. First described in 1969 from collections made in Alberta, Canada, it has undergone two taxonomic reclassifications before ultimately being placed in the genus Melanelixia in 2004. The species is characterised by the soralia on the margins of its lobes, a feature that is rare in brown parmelioid lichens. This feature is reflected in its common name, powder-rimmed camouflage lichen. Melanelixia albertana has an unusual Asian-North American disjunct distribution. The widespread presence

Culbersonia is a fungal genus in the family Caliciaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single foliose lichen Culbersonia nubila (formerly called Culbersonia americana). This species, which grows on trees and rocks, is found in dry subtropical regions of the world, particularly in Africa and Central America.

Allantoparmelia alpicola is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It has a circumpolar distribution.