Urmila Vasudev Makhija

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Fissurina verrucosa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Karnataka, India, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. This species is characterized by its yellowish-brown and slightly glossy appearance. Its thallus has a cracked, uneven, and verrucose texture. The ascomata of Fissurina verrucosa are lirelline and very short, ranging from 0.2 to 0.3 mm in length. They feature simple to branched structures with short branches that are the same colour as the thallus. These structures are

Fissurina taeniocarpoides is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. It is characterized by its distinctive ascomata and reddish-orange exciple. Found primarily in tropical and montane forests, this lichen thrives on exposed tree trunks and branches. It has been observed in various locations across India, including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the mainland. This lichen's thallus has a straw-yellow to brownish-green colour and features a smooth to rough texture with

Fissurina longiramea is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in various locations across India, including the Andaman Islands, Karnataka, and the Nicobar Islands, where it grows in tropical rainforests. The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. The thallus of Fissurina longiramea appears pale brown or greenish-yellow. Its surface is rough, slightly glossy, thick, and cracked, with a thin, black hypothallus delineating its borders. The ascomata are lirelline in form, measuring

Fissurina khasiana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in India, specifically in the evergreen forests of Upper Shillong in the Khasi Hills; its species name is derived from the region where it was first collected. The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar.

Fissurina karnatakensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. It grows on tree trunks in exposed conditions along roadsides within moist forests, particularly in Karnataka, a state known for its many endemic lichen species.

Fissurina coarctata is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in India, where it grows in tropical rainforests and moist deciduous forests. This corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen is primarily found on exposed tree trunks along roadsides. Its thallus has a yellowish-brown to olive-green colour and has a thick, verrucose texture. The species was formally described as new to science in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar.

Fissurina capsulata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. The lichen is native to Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, where it was first identified near Daisy Bank in 1975.

Acanthothecis nivalis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 2003 by Urmila Makhija and Bharanti Adawadkar. The species epithet nivalis refers to the distinctive snow-white appearance of its fruiting bodies. It occurs in the Andaman Islands in the northeastern Indian Ocean, where it grows on tree trunks in moist forests.

Acanthothecis collateralis is a rare endemic species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in the Andaman Islands of India, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. It is distinguished from other Acanthothecis species by its specific arrangement of ascomata and distinct chemical composition. The lichen's thallus has a creamy, off-white colour with a smooth texture that is finely cracked. It is surrounded by a thin, light, and slightly darkened prothallus. The ascomata (spore-producing structures), are lirelline in form and range

Acanthothecis coccinea is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is distinguished by its elongated fruiting bodies, which appear pale when dry but turn bright scarlet-red when moistened. The species is known only from subtropical forest in Meghalaya, north-eastern India.

Acanthothecis celata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It forms a thick, snow-white crust with fruiting bodies that are largely hidden within the thallus. The species is known only from lowland evergreen forest in Karnataka, India.

Acanthothecis archeri is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It has a yellowish to reddish-brown crust with elongated, pale cream fruiting bodies. The species is found in tropical rainforests and moist deciduous woodlands in India, including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Karnataka.

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Leptogium verrucosum is a rare species of foliose lichen in the family Collemataceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2010 by Archana Dube and Urmila Vasudev Makhija. The type specimen was collected from the walls of the Purandar fort (Maharashtra) at an elevation of 1,350 m (4,430 ft). It has also been recorded growing on bark in moist shady locations. Characteristics of Leptogium patwardhanii include the numerous pycnidia that give the thallus a warty appearance, and the wrinkled upper and lower surfaces. Its ascospores are muriform (divided into internal

Leptogium subazureum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) and foliose lichen in the family Collemataceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2010 by Archana Dube and Urmila Vasudev Makhija. The type specimen was collected along the road from Ajra to Amboli (Maharashtra) at an elevation of 900 m (3,000 ft). It is one of the most common lichens in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra. It grows along with mosses on the twigs and trunks of trees. The specific epithet subazureum alludes to its resemblance with Leptogium azureum, which differs in ascospore size.

Leptogium patwardhanii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) and foliose lichen in the family Collemataceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2010 by Archana Dube and Urmila Vasudev Makhija. The type specimen was collected in an evergreen forest in Amboli (Maharashtra) at an elevation of 690 m (2,260 ft). It is only known to occur at the type locality. Characteristics of Leptogium patwardhanii include the presence of isidia and the multilayered cortex of the thalline exciple. Its ascospores are muriform (divided into internal chambers by a single vertical

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Platythecium verrucoareolatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2005 by Bharati Adawadkar and Urmila Vasudev Makhija. The type specimen was collected from a tropical montane forest in Kollaimalai (Tamil Nadu). The lichen has a whitish or buff-coloured thallus that is verrucose, cracked, and areolate. The species epithet, which combines the Latin areolatus (marked out into small, angular sections) and verrucosus (warty), refers to these characteristic features. The ascomata are in

Platythecium commiscens is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2005 by Bharati Adawadkar and Urmila Vasudev Makhija. The type specimen was collected from Kollaimalai (Tamil Nadu). The lichen has a whitish-green to greenish coloured thallus that is encircled by a thin black prothallus. The ascomata are in the form of short, highly branched lirellae that are immersed in the thallus; the lirellae are intermingled and crowded together. The species epithet, derived from the Latin commiscens

Phlyctis communis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Phlyctidaceae. Found in the Maharashtra state of India, it grows on the bark of tree trunks in semi-evergreen to dry deciduous forests. Described as a new species in 2012, the lichen is characterised by its greyish or greenish-white crustose thallus and numerous ascomata, ascospores that have between 7 and 14 transverse septa, and the presence of corstictic and salazinic acids.

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Graphis maharashtrana is a species of script lichen (a crustose lichen with elongated, script-like fruiting bodies) in the family Graphidaceae. Described in 2011 from specimens collected in Maharashtra, India, this corticolous lichen forms a greyish-white crust on bark and is characterised by short, slit-like lirellae (fruiting bodies) with a grooved, laterally blackened exciple and muriform (multi-chambered) ascospores. The species grows in dry deciduous forests and has been recorded from several districts across Maharashtra, where it has been found on the bark of mango trees.

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Graphis flavovirens is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in the Andaman Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2005 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. The type specimen was collected from Parlobjig (Middle Andaman Island). The species epithet "flavovirens", which combines the Latin words for yellow and green, refers to the colour of the thallus. Its ascomata (fruiting bodies) are in the form of conspicuous lirellae: they are long and black, with a branching pattern ranging from simple to radiately and profusely branched; this particular

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