Fungi named in 1831

Tuber melanosporum, commonly called black truffle, Périgord truffle or French black truffle, is a species of truffle native to Southern Europe. It is one of the most expensive edible fungi in the world. In 2013, the truffle cost between 1,000 and 2,000 euros per kilogram.

The Hymenogastraceae is a family of fungi in the order Agaricales with both agaric and false-truffle shaped fruitbodies. Formerly, prior to molecular analyses, the family was restricted to the false-truffle genera. The mushroom genus Psilocybe in the Hymenogastraceae is now restricted to the hallucinogenic species while nonhallucinogenic former species are largely in the genus Deconica classified in the Strophariaceae. One of the two known species of Wakefieldia has been found recently to belong to this family but formal transfer cannot be made until the phylogeny of the type species of the

Colletotrichum (sexual stage: Glomerella) is a genus of fungi that are symbionts to plants as endophytes (living within the plant) or phytopathogens. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogens, but some species may have a mutualistic relationship with hosts.

Tuber brumale, also known as Muscat truffle or winter truffle, is a species of truffle native to Southern Europe. It is naturally present in the soils of many truffle orchards.

Choiromyces meandriformis is a species of fungus belonging to the family Tuberaceae. It is native to Europe.

Hymenogaster is a genus of fungi in the family Hymenogastraceae (Agaricales). The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and contains about 100 species. The taxonomy of the European species was revised in 2011, and twelve species were recognized, for which an identification key was presented. In 2024, seven species were described from China.

Cladonia fimbriata or the trumpet cup lichen is a species cup lichen belonging to the family Cladoniaceae. In Nepal, Cladonia fimbriata has been reported from 3,900 to 4,250 m elevation in a compilation of published records. As of July 2021, its conservation status has not been estimated by the IUCN. In Iceland, its conservation status is denoted as data deficient (DD).

Tuber macrosporum, commonly known as the smooth black truffle, is a species of truffle in the family Tuberaceae. The fungus produces blackish, irregularly shaped underground fruiting bodies measuring 2–5 cm in diameter with a grey-brown to purple-brown interior marked by thick white veins and has an intense garlic-like odour similar to the Italian white truffle. It is distinguished microscopically by its exceptionally large ellipsoid spores (measuring 40–80 × 30–60 micrometres) adorned with a distinctive mesh-like pattern. The species has a patchy distribution across Europe, where it forms

Tuber borchii, known as the whitish truffle or bianchetto truffle, is a small, common species of edible truffle excellent for use in cuisine.

Tuber excavatum, the hollowed truffle, is a species of truffle in the family Tuberaceae. The species is found in western Europe.

The Sphaerophoraceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales. Species of this family have a widespread distribution, especially in southern temperate regions, with particular diversity in cool temperate rainforests and strongly oceanic areas of both hemispheres. The family, proposed by Elias Magnus Fries in 1831, is characterised by boundary tissue separating generative and vegetative parts, and includes species with various growth forms ranging from shrub-like (fruticose) to crusty (crustose). Most members produce mazaedia, specialised spore-dispersing structures

Melanogaster is a genus of fungus that resemble truffles, and are often mistaken for them. However, they do not have the characteristic aroma and value of truffles, although some have been used culinarily. None are known to be poisonous. The genus contains 25 species that collectively have a widespread distribution. A new polyene pigment, melanocrocin, has been isolated either from fruit bodies or mycelial cultures of the subterranean fungus Melanogaster broomeianus. The structure of the pigment was determined by spectroscopic methods and chemical transformations. Melanocrocin is the N-acyl

Gautieria morchelliformis is a species of hypogeal fungus in the family Gomphaceae. It was first described scientifically by Italian Carlo Vittadini in 1831. Three varieties have been described: var. globispora and var. stenospora by Albert Pilát in 1958; and var. microspora by Evžen Wichanský in 1962. None are considered to have independent taxonomical significance.

Choiromyces is a genus of truffle-like fungi in the Tuberaceae family. The genus is widespread and contains eight species.

Octaviania is a genus of truffle-like fungi in the family Boletaceae. The widespread genus is estimated to contain 15 species. The genus name honours of Vicenzo Ottaviani (1790–1853), an Italian doctor and mycologist and Professor of Medicine and Botany at University of Camerino. The genus was circumscribed by Carlo Vittadini in 1831.

Gautieria is a genus of hypogeal fungi in the family Gomphaceae. They form mycorrhizae with various tree species, mostly from the family Pinaceae. Species are present over much of the world's temperate and boreal forest habitats. It is well documented that species from this genera are an important part of the diet of the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus). Also, some Australian marsupials, especially the rat-kangaroos, feed extensively on these fungi. The fungi also benefit from this relationship: not only do the squirrels help to disperse the spores and propagate the species,

Cladonia carneola or the crowned cup lichen is a species of fruticose, cup lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It was described as a new species by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries. Lichenicolous fungi that have been recorded growing on Cladonia carneola include Phaeopyxis punctum and Taeniolella beschiana. In Nepal, Cladonia carneola has been reported from 3,900 to 4,100 m elevation in a compilation of published records.

Balsamia is a genus of truffle-like ascomycete fungi of the family Helvellaceae. The widespread genus contains twenty five species known from Europe, North America, North Africa and Asia, including China.

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Hysterangium is a genus of truffle-like fungi in the family Hysterangiaceae. The genus is widespread, especially in temperate regions, and contains more than 60 species. Hysterangium was circumscribed by Italian mycologist Carlo Vittadini in 1831.

Cladonia leporina is a species of lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It was described as a new species in 1831 by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries. In North America, it is colloquially known as the "jester lichen". A sighting of a population of the lichen in New York (state) is the northernmost known occurrence of this species.

Tuber foetidum is a species of truffle in the genus Tuber (fungus). It was first described scientifically in 1831 by the Italian doctor and mycologist Carlo Vittadini. It is characterized by its foetid odour, and minute brownish bumps on the surface of the fruitbody. A rare species, it is found in Europe. It associates with oak and beech in southern Europe, and with larch in the United Kingdom. Molecular analysis indicates that T. foetidum is closely related to T. maculatum.

Cladonia sulphurina is a species of cup lichen belonging to the family Cladoniaceae. As of July 2021, its conservation status has not been estimated by the IUCN. In Iceland, it is classified as an endangered species (EN).

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Gautieria graveolens is a species of hypogeal fungus in the family Gomphaceae. It is found in forests in Central and Southern Europe. It was described by Carlo Vittadini in 1831.

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