Fungi named in 1849

Fomes fomentarius (commonly known as the tinder fungus, false tinder fungus, hoof fungus, tinder conk, tinder polypore or ice man fungus) is a perennial wood-decay basidiomycete found in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America. The species produces large, hoof-shaped polypore fruit bodies which vary in colour from silvery grey to almost black, though they are normally brown. It develops on the trunks of various hardwood species and is associated with the development of white rot in the underlying wood. It has traditionally been described as a plant pathogen, but experimental studies have also

Gyromitra esculenta is an ascomycete fungus from the genus Gyromitra. The fruiting body, or mushroom, is an irregular brain-shaped cap, dark brown in colour, that can reach 10 centimetres (4 inches) high and 15 cm (6 in) wide, perched on a stout white stipe up to 6 cm (2+1⁄2 in) high. It is widely distributed across Europe and North America, normally fruiting in sandy soils under coniferous trees in spring and early summer. Although potentially fatal if eaten raw, G. esculenta is sometimes parboiled for consumption, being a popular delicacy in Europe and the upper Great Lakes region of North

Mutinus caninus, commonly known as the dog stinkhorn, is a small thin, phallus-shaped woodland fungus, with a dark tip. It is often found growing in small groups on wood debris or in leaf litter during summer and autumn in Eurasia and eastern North America. It is not generally considered edible, but there are reports of the immature 'eggs' being consumed.

Gyromitra is a genus of about 18 species of ascomycete fungi. They are a false morel - a frequently toxic mushroom that can be mistaken for edible mushrooms of the genus Morchella (morels).

Nectria cinnabarina, also known as coral spot, is a plant pathogen that causes cankers on broadleaf trees. This disease is polycyclic and infects trees in the cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. N. cinnabarina is typically saprophytic, but will act as a weak parasite if presented with an opportunity via wounds in the tree or other stressors that weaken the tree's defense to the disease. A study published in 2011 showed that this complex consists of at least 4 distinct species. There are only a few ways to manage this disease with techniques such as sanitation and pruning away

Fomes is a genus of perennial woody fungi in the family Polyporaceae. Species are typically hoof-shaped (ungulate). New growth each season is added to the margin, resulting in a downward extension of the hymenium. This often results in a zonate appearance of the upper surface, that is, marked by concentric bands of color. The name comes from Latin fomes, meaning "tinder", from the use of Fomes fomentarius, also known as the tinder fungus, in making tinder (see amadou).

Calvatia is a genus of puffball mushrooms that includes the giant puffball C. gigantea. It was formerly classified within the now-obsolete order Lycoperdales, which, following a restructuring of fungal taxonomy brought about by molecular phylogeny, has been split; the puffballs, Calvatia spp. are now placed in the family Lycoperdaceae of the order Agaricales. Most species in the genus Calvatia are edible when young, though some are best avoided, such as Calvatia fumosa, which has a very pungent odor. The name Calvatia derives from the Latin calvus meaning "bald" and calvaria, meaning "dome of

Mutinus is a genus of fungi in the family Phallaceae. The genus was first described by Elias Magnus Fries in 1849. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains 12 species.

Nectria is a genus of Ascomycete fungi. They are most often encountered as saprophytes on decaying wood but some species can also occur as parasites of trees, especially fruit trees (for example apple) and a number of other hardwood trees. Some species are significant pests causing diseases such as apple canker, Nectria twig blight, and coral spot in orchards. It is ubiquitous in cool temperate Europe and North America and appears to be an introduced species in New Zealand and Australia. The occurrence in New Zealand was first identified in 1996 in Otago and Southland although it is believed

Helminthosporium solani is a fungal plant pathogen responsible for the plant disease known as silver scurf. Silver scurf is a blemish disease, meaning the effect it has on tubers is mostly cosmetic and affects "fresh market, processing and seed tuber potatoes." There are some reports of it affecting development, meaning growth and tuber yield. This is caused by light brown lesions, which in turn change the permeability of tuber skin and then it causes tuber shrinkage and water loss, which finally causes weight loss. The disease has become economically important because silver scurf affected

Capnodium is a genus of sooty molds in the family Capnodiaceae. It was circumscribed in 1849 by French mycologist Camille Montagne with Capnodium salicinum as the type species.

Arrhenia is a genus of fungi in the family Hygrophoraceae. Arrhenia also includes species formerly placed in the genera Leptoglossum and Phaeotellus and the lectotype species itself has an unusual growth form that would not normally be called agaricoid. All of the species grow in association with photosynthetic organisms such as mosses and the alga found on decaying wood and soil biocrusts. Typically the fruitbodies of Arrhenia species are grey to black or blackish brown, due to high concentrations of fungal melanin.

Discina is a genus of ascomycete fungi related to the false morels of the genus Gyromitra. There are about 20 species in the genus. They bear dish- or cup-shaped fruit bodies. The best known member is the pig ear (D. ancilis), which is deemed edible after thorough cooking, although is viewed with suspicion given its relation to the highly toxic false morels.

Valsa is a genus of fungi within the family Valsaceae. There are about 70 species in the widespread genus. Anamorphs are classified in the genus Cytospora.

The Stictidaceae are a family of fungi in the order Ostropales. It has 30 genera and about 240 species.

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Diatrype is a genus of carbonaceous pyrenomycetes in the family Diatrypaceae. The widespread genus contains 59 species, including Diatrype virescens.

The Bulgariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Helotiales. Species are found in northern and southern temperate regions. The family contains four genera and seven species.

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Urnula is a genus of cup fungi in the family Sarcosomataceae, circumscribed by Elias Magnus Fries in 1849. The genus contains several species found in Asia, Europe, Greenland, and North America. Sarcosomataceae fungi produce dark-colored (brown to black), shallow to deep funnel-shaped fruitbodies with or without a stipe, growing in spring. The type species of the genus is Urnula craterium, commonly known as the devil's urn or the gray urn. Urnula species can grow as saprobes or parasites having an anamorphic state. The anamorphic form of U. craterium causes Strumella canker, on oak trees.

Kretzschmaria is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae. The genus, circumscribed by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1849, contains about 30 species that collectively have a widespread distribution. Fossils of Kretzschmaria have been found in the 12 million year old rocks from central England.

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Dacryobolus is a genus of crust fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. Elias Fries circumscribed the genus in 1849 with Dacryobolus sudans (then known as Hydnum sudans Alb. & Schwein.) as the type species. Dacryobolus are wood-decay fungi that cause a brown rot.

Cudonia is a genus of fungi within the family Cudoniaceae. The genus is widespread in temperate regions and its species are generally of unknown edibility. Cudonia circinans is poisonous and possibly deadly.

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Cladonia cervicornis is a species of cup lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It was first described by Swedish lichenologist Erik Acharius in 1799 as Lichen cervicornis. Julius von Flotow transferred it to the genus Cladonia in 1849. In North America, it is colloquially known as the ladder lichen or elk's-horn cup lichen.

Zasmidium cellare, also known as cellar mold, is a species of fungus that exists in dark, ethanol-rich environments and is brown to black in colour. This species primarily exists in wine and brandy cellars in central and southern Europe, but can be found in surrounding regions and is thought to be helpful in the wine-making process by some and a hygienic issue by others. Not much is known about Z. cellare's sexual biology and is thought to be beneficial to the cleanliness of cellar air due to its ability to consume musty odours.