Fungi named in 1853

Claviceps purpurea is an ergot fungus that grows on the ears of rye and related cereal and forage plants. Consumption of grains or seeds contaminated with the survival structure of this fungus, the ergot sclerotium, can cause ergotism in humans and other mammals. C. purpurea most commonly affects outcrossing species such as rye (its most common host), as well as triticale, wheat and barley. It affects oats only rarely.

Ergot, or ergot fungi, is a group of fungi of the genus Claviceps. The most prominent member of this group is Claviceps purpurea (rye ergot fungus). This fungus grows on rye and related plants, and produces alkaloids that can cause ergotism in humans and other mammals who consume grains contaminated with its fruiting structure (called ergot sclerotium). Claviceps includes about 50 known species, mostly in the tropical regions. Economically significant species include C. purpurea (parasitic on grasses and cereals), C. fusiformis (on pearl millet, buffel grass), C. paspali (on dallis grass), C.

Physcia stellaris is a species of lichen. It is pale grey, but darker in the centre, and lacks isidia, lobules, soredia and pruina.It tests positive K+ yellow upper cortex with a 10% potassium hydroxide solution. In North America, it is known colloquially as the fringed rosette lichen. It can grow as an epiphyte. In Greece, it has been reported from the trunk of Platanus trees.

Icmadophila is a genus of crustose lichen. The genus has a widespread distribution in the Northern Hemisphere and contains six species. The only species found in North America, Icmadophila ericetorum, has a mint green crustose thallus that is dotted with bright pink apothecial disks, and is sometimes colloquially referred to as "fairy puke". It aggressively grows over mosses on well-rotted wood and peat. It looks very distinctive, but may be confused with species of Dibaeis.

Fulgensia is a fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo and Giuseppe De Notaris in 1853, with Fulgensia vulgaris assigned as the type species. Although the genus has had several species in it at times in its taxonomic history, it is now monotypic, as most of its former species have been transferred to Gyalolechia or other Teloschistaceae genera.

Diploschistes is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. Commonly known as crater lichens, members of the genus are crustose lichens with a thick, cracked (areolate) body (thallus) with worldwide distribution. The fruiting part (apothecia) are immersed in the thick thallus so as to have the appearance of being small "craters". The widespread genus contains about 43 species.

Staurothele is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. It has about 40 species. When the fungus is part of a lichen, the genus of lichen is commonly called rock pimples.

Lecania is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. Lecania is widely distributed, especially in temperate regions, and contains about 65 species. These lichens form thin, crusty growths on various surfaces and produce small disc-shaped fruiting bodies that are typically brown to black in colour. Most species reproduce both sexually through spores and asexually through tiny reproductive structures, allowing them to spread effectively in their environments.

Laboulbenia is a genus of fungi in the family Laboulbeniaceae. The genus name of Laboulbenia is in honour of Joseph Alexandre Laboulbène (1825–1898), who was a French physician and entomologist. The genus was circumscribed by Jean Pierre François Camille Montagne and Charles Philippe Robin in C.P. Robin 'Histoire naturelle des Végétaux Parasites' (Paris) on page 622 in 1853. Being ectoparasitic on a diverse assemblage of arthropods, the majority in insects, specially beetles and flies, and a few arachnids (mites) and millipedes, members of this genus show a rather high level of host

Thelocarpon is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Thelocarpaceae. The genus was established in 1853 by the Finnish lichenologist William Nylander, who distinguished it from related genera by its warted thallus structure, many-spored asci, and the distinctive violet-blue staining reaction of its fruiting body gel when treated with iodine. These tiny lichens form small, wart-like bumps on soil, wood, and plant debris, often covered with a distinctive bright yellow powdery coating. The genus includes about 30 species found worldwide, many of which produce unusually large numbers of

Mycoblastus is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Tephromelataceae. Members of the genus are commonly called blood lichens.

Dimelaena is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. Members of the genus are commonly called mountain lichens, or moonglow lichens. They are placodioid crustose lichens, ranging in form from rimose to areolate. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains eight species.

Badhamia is a genus of slime molds in the family Physaraceae. It was circumscribed by English naturalist Miles Joseph Berkeley in 1853. The widespread genus contains about 30 species.

Arthonia didyma is a species of lichen belonging to the family Arthoniaceae. It is native to Eurasia and North America.

Tetramelas is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus is distinguished by its distinctive spores, which are divided into four compartments and turn brown as they mature, giving rise to the name Tetramelas from the Greek words for 'four' and 'dark'. These lichens typically form greyish crusts on rocks, bark, or other surfaces, with small black disc-shaped fruiting bodies that contain the characteristic four-chambered spores.

Teloschistes is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae, of which it is the namesake. Species of Teloschistes are among the most visually striking lichens, typically forming small, bushy, much-branched growths in vivid shades of yellow to orange, colours produced by anthraquinone pigments, particularly parietin. The genus has a worldwide distribution, with species occurring on twigs, bark, and rock surfaces in open, well-lit habitats ranging from coastal scrub and semi-arid shrublands to alpine zones.

Peltula is a genus of small dark brown to olive or dark grey squamulose lichens. These lichens typically grow on rocks in arid and semi-arid environments worldwide. They consist of a fungus living in symbiosis with a photosynthetic partner, specifically a cyanobacterium of the genus Chroococcidiopsis. Peltula is the only genus in the family Peltulaceae, which belongs to the Lichinomycetes, a class of fungi that form lichens. The genus includes about 50 recognised species, which have a variety of growth forms ranging from flat and crust-like to more complex, leaf-like structures. Peltula

Hemithecium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. These lichens form pale grey-white to yellow-olive crusts on tree bark and are characterized by straight to weakly curved fruiting bodies with charcoal-black walls that create sharp contrasts against the surface, along with distinctive spine-tipped filaments lining their interior chambers. The genus has a pantropical distribution, growing on shaded tree trunks and large branches in primary or lightly disturbed evergreen forests, where their marked sensitivity to canopy opening makes them practical indicators of intact,

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Byssoloma is a genus of leaf-dwelling lichens in the family Ectolechiaceae.

Buellia badia, the parasitic button lichen, is a dark chocolate-brown crustose areolate lichen of Europe, northern Africa, and North America that starts as a parasite growing on other lichens, such as Aspicilia phaea, gradually then becoming independent growing on rock (sometimes also on hardwood. Areoles may be contiguous or dispersed. Lecideine apothecia are 0.3 to 0.9 mm in diameter with black discs, that are initially flat, then become strongly convex as they age. Lichen spot tests are all negative. There are no known secondary metabolites as of (2001). It is similar in appearance and

Bagliettoa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Verrucariaceae. Bagliettoa species are endolithic, growing between the grains of solid rock. These lichens are almost invisible to the naked eye, living mostly hidden within limestone and other calcium-rich rocks with only a thin polished rim visible on the surface. They reproduce through tiny flask-shaped fruiting bodies that bore neat pits into the rock as they develop.

Thalloloma is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. Established in 1853 by the Italian botanist Vittore Trevisan de Saint-Léon, the genus comprises 20 species distinguished by their narrow script-like slits immersed in a pale crusty surface, often with dark brown or occasionally crimson-dusted fruiting structures. Found throughout tropical regions from sea level to mountain forests above 3,000 metres, these bark-dwelling lichens are more tolerant of light and moisture variation than many related species, allowing them to colonise forest edges and moderately sun-exposed

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Glypholecia is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Acarosporaceae.

Eschatogonia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. It has seven species. The genus was circumscribed by the Italian lichenologist Vittore Benedetto Antonio Trevisan de Saint-Léon in 1853.

Dacampia is a genus of fungi in the family Dacampiaceae. It contains 15 species. The genus was circumscribed in 1853 by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo, with Dacampia hookeri assigned as the type species. The genus name honours Italian naturalist Benedetto de Dacampo (1787–1851).