Fungi named in 1856

Tremella fuciformis is a species of fungus commonly known as snow fungus, snow ear, silver ear fungus, white jelly mushroom, and white cloud ears. It produces white, frond-like, gelatinous fruit bodies. The species is widespread, especially in the tropics, where it can be found on the dead branches of broadleaf trees. It is a parasitic yeast, and grows as a slimy, mucus-like film until it encounters its preferred hosts, various species of Annulohypoxylon (or possibly Hypoxylon) fungi, whereupon it then invades, triggering the aggressive mycelial growth required to form the fruiting bodies.

Entomophthora muscae is a species of pathogenic fungus in the order Entomophthorales which causes a fatal disease in flies. It can cause epizootic outbreaks of disease in houseflies and has been investigated as a potential biological control agent.

Entomophthora is a fungal genus in the family Entomophthoraceae. Species in this genus are parasitic on flies and other two-winged insects. The genus was circumscribed by German physician Johann Baptist Georg Wolfgang Fresenius (1808–1866) in 1856. This fungus is parasitic and undergoes a number of stages within its life cycle, these include: infection, incubation, sporulation and mummification. Within each stage, this pathogen invades the host's body cells, utilising the insect's nutrients allowing it to take control over the brain just before the host's death. Entomophthora reproduces

Podospora is a genus of fungi in the family Podosporaceae. Fossils of Podospora have been reported from 12 million year old rocks from central England.

Buellia dispersa is a dull white to beige or dark brown crustose areolate lichen that grows on non-calcareous rock, such as basalt, granite and gneiss, in arid to semi-arid areas of northern Africa, Europe, and southwestern North America. The areolas are distinct, becoming subsquamulose (lifting up at the edges) when separated and collecting in irregular patches, otherwise they form rosettes with lobed margins. There is no prothallus. It commonly occurs in the Mojave Desert, Channel Islands, and Santa Monica Mountains, also in the Cuyamaca Mountains, Santa Ana Mountains, and San Jacinto

Arthonia vinosa is a species of lichen belonging to the family Arthoniaceae. It has a cosmopolitan distribution.

Tomasellia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Naetrocymbaceae. It comprises seven species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens.

Thyrea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Porocyphaceae. It contains four species that have been accepted by Species Fungorum. The genus was circumscribed by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1856, with Thyrea plectospora assigned as the type species. In a multilocus phylogeny and molecular phylogenetics-informed reclassification of the Lichinomycetes published in 2024, María Prieto, Mats Wedin and Matthias Schultz placed Thyrea in the emended family Porocyphaceae.

Piccolia is a small genus of crustose lichens in the class Lecanoromycetes. First circumscribed by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1864, it contains ten species. Due to a lack of molecular data, it has not been assigned to an order or family.

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Spilonema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Coccocarpiaceae. These lichens form small, dark tufts of thread-like filaments that grow on rocks and are found in various regions from tropical to arctic climates. They partner with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, which gives them their distinctive blue-green colouration and allows them to survive in nutrient-poor environments. The genus was established in 1856 by the French botanist Jean-Baptiste Édouard Bornet, who distinguished these species from similar-looking lichens based on their unique internal structure.

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Maronea is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Fuscideaceae. The genus name of Maronea is in honour of Nicoló Marogna (1573-1643), who was an Italian teacher, Apothecary and botanist from Verona. The genus was circumscribed by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in Flora vol.39 on page 291 in 1856.

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Sarcosagium is a genus of crustose lichen-forming fungi in the family Thelocarpaceae. Established by the Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1856, it is currently regarded as a monotypic genus containing the single species Sarcosagium campestre. It is characterized by its inconspicuous, often gelatinous thallus and minute, reddish-brown, barrel-shaped apothecia. Its unusual morphology led to its placement in various groups historically, but genomic analyses have situated the genus within the Lichinomycetes, an ancient lineage of symbiotic ascomycetes. Its precise familial