Fungi named in 1866

Amanita virosa is a species of fungus in the class Agaricomycetes. In the UK, it has the recommended English name of destroying angel and is known internationally as the European destroying angel. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are agaricoid (mushroom-shaped) and pure white with a ring on the stipe and a sack-like volva at the base. The species occurs in Europe and northern Asia. It was formerly reported from North America, but similar-looking American species like A. bisporigera and A. ocreata are distinct. As the name suggests, the destroying angel is poisonous.

Amanita gemmata, commonly known as the gemmed amanita or the jonquil amanita, is an agaric mushroom of the family Amanitaceae and genus Amanita. The fruit body has a cap that is a dull to golden shade of yellow, and typically 2.5–12 centimetres (1–4+3⁄4 inches) in diameter. The cap surface is sticky when moist, and characterized by white warts, which are easily detached. It is initially convex, and flattens out when mature. The flesh is white and does not change colour when cut. The gills are white and closely spaced. The stem is pale yellow, and measures 4–12 cm (1+5⁄8–4+3⁄4 in) long by

Amanita strobiliformis is a species of mushroom. It is commonly referred to as warted amanita.

Taphrina pruni is a fungal plant pathogen of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) that causes the pocket or bladder plum gall, a chemically induced distortion of the fruit (sloes), producing swollen on one side, otherwise deformed and flattened fruit gall without a stone. The twigs on infected plants may also be deformed with small strap-shaped leaves.

Taphrina deformans is a fungus and plant pathogen, and a causal agent[s] of peach leaf curl. Peach trees infected with T. deformans will experience leaf puckering and distortion, acquiring a characteristic downward and inward curl. Leaves will also undergo chlorosis, turning a pale green or yellow, and later show a red or purple tint. Fruit can either drop prematurely or show surface distortions. Severe infection can also produce lesions on the flowers. The host tree will experience defoliation if the leaves are badly diseased. If a seedling is severely infected, it may die. Almond trees

Hohenbuehelia is a pleurotoid genus of agaric fungi characterized by gelatinous-sheathed bowling-pin-shaped cystidia, on conidia, basidiospore germ tubes, and mycelium that adhere to and capture nematodes. The fruitbodies bear thick-walled cystidia (metuloids) in the hymenium along the gill sides and that differentiate the genus from Pleurotus in the Pleurotaceae family. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains about 50 species.

Hohenbuehelia petaloides, commonly known as the leaflike oyster or the shoehorn oyster mushroom, is a species of agaric fungus belonging to the family Pleurotaceae. The fruit bodies have pale to brown funnel-shaped caps with decurrent gills. The species has a cosmopolitan distribution and is found near the decaying wood it feeds on. It is reputedly edible but not choice.

Parmeliopsis is a genus of lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus contains two species. Members of this genus are commonly called bran lichens.

Sarcodontia is a genus of toothed fungi in the family Meruliaceae. It was circumscribed by Hungarian–Croatian mycologist Stephan Schulzer von Müggenburg in 1866, with Sarcodontia mali as the type species.

Taphrina caerulescens is a species of fungus in the family Taphrinaceae. It is a pathogenic Ascomycete fungus that causes oak leaf blister disease on various species of oak trees (Quercus spp.). The associated anamorph species is Lalaria coccinea, described in 1990. This disease causes lesions and blisters on Oak leaves. Effects of the disease are mostly cosmetic. Although not taxonomically defined, strains of T. caerulescens have been shown to be host specific with varying ¬ascus morphology between strains. There are differences in strains' abilities to metabolize various carbon and nitrogen

Placopsis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trapeliaceae. First introduced as a subgenus in 1861 by William Nylander, the genus now comprises about 50 named species worldwide and shows its greatest diversity in the Southern Hemisphere. These lichens are conspicuous crustose to placodioid forms that typically grow on rock or soil, characterised by orbicular or irregularly spreading patches with lobed margins. A defining feature of the genus is the presence of cephalodia, which are nodules containing cyanobacteria that are often centrally placed on the thallus. This distinctive

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Amanita excelsa, also known as the European false blushing amanita, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Amanitaceae. It is found in Asia, Europe, and North America, where it grows in deciduous forests.

Sordaria macrospora is a species of coprophilous (dung-colonizing) fungus. It is one of several fungal model organisms in biology, e.g. the model of fruiting body development in Ascomycetes. It is a homothallic, self-fertile organism.

Placopsis gelida is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Trapeliaceae. It forms circular patches on rock surfaces, with a greyish or pinkish body that develops a distinctive cracked, tile-like pattern in the centre and narrow finger-like projections around the edges. The lichen is recognised by its conspicuous reddish-brown, wart-like outgrowths scattered across its surface, which contain additional photosynthetic partners. It reproduces mainly through powdery patches that spread in radiating streaks across the lichen body.

Peziza echinospora is a species of apothecial fungus belonging to the family Pezizaceae. This European fungus is found at old fire sites, appearing from late spring to early autumn as cups up to 10 cm in diameter. The inner surface is dark brown and smooth while the outer surface is pale, sometimes almost white, and rough.

Lecanora phryganitis is a species of lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It was described as new to science in 1866 by American botanist Edward Tuckerman.

Delitschia is a genus of fungi in the family Delitschiaceae. The genus name of Delitschia is in honour of Otto Delitsch (1821 - 1882), a German theologist and Professor of Geography at the Leipzig University. The genus was circumscribed by Bernhard Auerswald in Hedwigia Vol.5 (Issue 4) on page 49 in 1866.

Cladonia ecmocyna or the frosted cup lichen is a species of fruticose, cup lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It was first scientifically described as a new species in 1810 by Swedish lichenologist Erik Acharius as Cenomyce ecmocyna. British botanist William Allport Leighton transferred it to the genus Cladonia in 1866. In North America, it is known colloquially as the "frosted cladonia".

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Taphrina bullata is an ascomycete fungus that is a plant pathogen. It causes leaf blisters on pear trees.

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Buellia oidalea is a species of crustose lichen found along the Pacific coast of North America, from Coos County, Oregon to Baja California Sur.

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