Fungi named in 1878

Agaricus bernardii, commonly called the salt-loving agaricus, or salty mushroom, is an agaric fungus in the family Agaricaceae. The mushroom's thick stem is usually shorter than the diameter of the cap, which ranges from 5–15 centimetres (2–6 inches) and is convex to flattened. The cap surface is whitish to buff, and can develop scales or warts in age. The gills are initially pink before turning brown when the spores mature. The flesh turns reddish when it is cut or bruised. It resembles species such as A. bitorquis. Found in Eurasia, North America, New Zealand, and Australia, A. bernardii is

Absidia is a genus of fungi in the family Cunninghamellaceae. Absidia species are ubiquitous in most environments where they are often associated with warm decaying plant matter, such as compost heaps. Some species in the genus can cause phycomycosis.

Russula maculata is a species of mushroom in the genus Russula. Its cap ranges from 4–10 centimetres (1+1⁄2–4 in) wide, with hues varying from whitish to red. It is difficult to distinguish reliably and its edibility is unknown.

Marasmius cohaerens is a species of gilled mushroom which is fairly common in European woods.

Panaeolus fimicola, commonly known as the turf mottlegill or grass mottlegill, is a widespread but rarely identified "little brown mushroom" which sometimes contains small amounts of the hallucinogen psilocybin. Panaeolus ater is a synonym.

Marasmius bulliardii is a species of agaric fungus in the family Marasmiaceae. It was first described scientifically by French mycologist Lucien Quélet in 1878.

Melampsora medusae is a fungal pathogen, causing a disease of woody plants. The infected trees' leaves turn yellowish-orange. The disease affects mostly conifers, e.g. the Douglas-fir, western larch, tamarack, ponderosa, and lodgepole pine trees, but also some broadleaves, e.g. trembling aspen and poplars. Coniferous hosts are affected in late spring through early August, and trembling aspens and poplars from early summer to late fall. It is one of only two foliage rusts that occur naturally in British Columbia.

Melampsora lini is a species of fungus and plant pathogen found in Ireland and commonly known as flax rust.

Massospora cicadina is a fungal pathogen that infects only 13 and 17 year periodical cicadas. Infection results in a "plug" of spores that replaces the end of the cicada's abdomen while it is still alive, leading to infertility, disease transmission, and eventual death of the cicada.

Agaricus placomyces is a toxic basidiomycete fungus of the genus Agaricus. It is found in North America; the Eurasian populations formerly known by the same scientific name are nowadays known as A. moelleri, while the present species may also be referred to as A. praeclaresquamosus.

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Marasmius limosus is a mushroom in the family Marasmiaceae.

The Chytridiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Chytridiales. The family contains 33 genera and 238 species according to a 2008 estimate.

Sphaerulina is a genus of fungi in the family Mycosphaerellaceae. Sphaerulina causes leaf spot diseases on various plants, including both arboreous and herbaceous plants.

Ramularia primulae is a fungal plant pathogen infecting Primula. Its primary host is Primula veris.

Phragmidium rubi-idaei is a plant pathogen infecting caneberries, Rubus spp.

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Hypocrella is a genus of fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae.

Hygrophorus speciosus, commonly known as the larch waxy cap, is a species of fungus in the genus Hygrophorus. It has a bright red-orange cap which yellows with age, and a white or yellow stem; both are slimy, but the fruit bodies are less so with age. The gills are whitish to light yellow, and decurrent. Lookalike species include H. hypothejus and H. pyrophilus. The species can be found inland within the Pacific Northwest, in areas where larch is plentiful. While edible, the flavor of most Hygrophorus species is considered bland.

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Pirottaea is a genus of fungi in the family Dermateaceae. The genus contained 26 species in 2009. It went up to about 48 species later. The genus name of Pirottaea is in honour of Pietro Romualdo Pirotta (1853–1936), who was an Italian professor of botany. He was made Knight of the Crown of Italy. The genus was circumscribed by Pier Andrea Saccardo in Michelia vl.1 (Issue 4) on page 424 in 1878.

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Paranectria is a genus of fungi in the class Sordariomycetes. It consisted of three species in 2008, in 2023 it had 8 species.

Massospora is a genus of fungi in the Entomophthoraceae family, within the order Entomophthorales of the Zygomycota. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012). It includes more than a dozen obligate, sexually transmissible pathogenic species that infect (and kill) adult gregarious cicadas (Hemiptera) worldwide. At least two species are known to produce psychoactive compounds during infection: M. cicadina is known to produce cathinone; M. platypediae or M. levispora produces psilocybin. Named in 1879 by the American botanist Charles Horton Peck

Lophiotrema is a genus of fungi in the family Lophiostomataceae.

Dichomera is a genus of fungi in the family Botryosphaeriaceae. There are 39 species.

Ceratostomella is a genus of fungi in the Annulatascaceae family of the Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the Sordariomycetes class is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any order.

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Septoria cucurbitacearum is a fungal plant pathogen infecting cucurbits. Symptoms of Septoria leaf spot are similar on all the cucurbits infected.