Fungi named in 1991

Echinoderma asperum or Lepiota aspera, sometimes known commonly as the freckled dapperling, is a large, brownish, white-gilled mushroom, with a warty or scaly cap. It lives in woodland, or on bark chips in parks, and gardens.

Pseudoboletus parasiticus, previously known as Boletus parasiticus and Xerocomus parasiticus, and commonly known as the parasitic bolete, is a rare bolete mushroom found on Scleroderma citrinum earthballs in North America.

The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, although its members occur predominantly in temperate regions. Most members are lichens that either live on rock or on bark, but about 40 species are lichenicolous – meaning they are non-lichenised fungi that live on other lichens. Many members of the Teloschistaceae are readily identifiable by their vibrant orange to yellow hue, a result of their frequent anthraquinone content. The presence of these anthraquinone

Pseudoboletus is a genus of fungus in the family Boletaceae. The genus contains two species found in north temperate areas that grow in a parasitic association with species of Scleroderma and Pisolithus, or Astraeus.

Echinoderma is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Its members were for a long time considered to belong to genus Lepiota and the group was then circumscribed by French mycologist Marcel Bon in 1981 as a subgenus of Cystolepiota before he raised it to generic status in 1991.

Catatrama is a fungal genus in the family Amanitaceae, order Agaricales. Originally a monotypic genus with Catatrama costaricensis, found in Quercus pilarius forest in Costa Rica. In 2007, the species was reported from Brazil. Since then 2 additional species, one from Australia and one from India have been recognized.

Toninia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. The genus contains about 70 recognised species that are distributed worldwide, with many found in arctic and alpine environments as well as arid regions. These lichens are characterised by their often reduced or scale-like thalli and distinctive black apothecia (fruiting bodies) that typically become convex with age and contain needle-shaped ascospores. Toninia species primarily grow on soil, rocks, and other mineral substrates, and are distinguished from related genera by their spore-producing structures and chemical

The Peltigeraceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales. The Peltigeraceae, which contains 15 genera and about 600 species, has recently (2018) been emended to include the families Lobariaceae and Nephromataceae. Many Peltigeraceae species have large and conspicuous, leathery thalli. They largely occur in cool-temperate to tropical montane climates. Tripartite thalli involving fungus, green algae and cyanobacteria are common in this family.

Amanita pekeoides is a species of fungus in the family Amanitaceae. It is endemic to New Zealand.

Ophiostoma novo-ulmi is a species of fungus in the family Ophiostomataceae. It is one of the key causative agents associated with Dutch Elm Disease (DED), along with Ophiostoma ulmi and Ophiostoma himal-ulmi. Dutch Elm Disease was first identified in Europe during the early 1900s and by the 1940s the disease had spread throughout Europe and into the United States and Canada. Elm trees (Ulmus) were heavily used as a trade commodity in logging practices in the late 1800s-1900s. Historically, these trees have seen widespread use as a building material in products such as wheels, chairs, ships,

Discula destructiva is a fungus in the family Gnomoniaceae which causes dogwood anthracnose, affecting populations of dogwood trees native to North America. It was introduced to the United States in 1978 and is distributed throughout the Eastern United States and the Pacific Northwest. Its origins are unknown. It typically occurs in cool, wet spring and fall weather. One can avoid this fungus by watering dogwoods during drought and general cultural control care. Species affected: Cornus florida and Cornus nuttallii.

Bacidina is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Ramalinaceae.

Amanita nehuta, also called Maori dust amanita, is a species of fungus in the family Amanitaceae. It has only a dark ring rather than a universal veil and white spores. Abundant in New Zealand, it can be found growing under Leptospermum and Nothofagus species.

Allocetraria is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. It consists of 12 species, with a center of distribution in China.

Psilocybe aucklandiae is a species of agaric fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. The species is known from the Auckland Region of New Zealand, where it grows from clay soils in exotic pine plantations and native forests. It is phylogenetically similar to or almost the same as Psilocybe zapotecorum from Mexico and South America. As a blueing member of the genus Psilocybe it contains the psychoactive compounds psilocin and psilocybin.

Lobothallia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Megasporaceae. Dark brown to black apothecia may be sunken into the surface of the thallus, as indicated in the common name puffed sunken-disk lichen. Originally described as a subgenus of Aspicilia in 1984, Lobothallia was elevated to full genus status in 1991 based on distinctive features including peripheral lobes and small, thin-walled ascospores. The genus was established to clarify a group of rock-dwelling lichens that had previously been classified across several different genera. The genus is found across multiple continents

Lepiota hystrix is a species of fungus belonging to the family Agaricaceae. It is native to Northern Europe and Japan.

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The Baeomycetales are an order of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the subclass Ostropomycetidae, in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 8 families, 33 genera and about 170 species. As a result of molecular phylogenetics research published in the late 2010s, several orders were folded into the Baeomycetales, resulting in a substantial increase in the number of taxa.

Vezdaea is a genus of crustose lichens in the monotypic family Vezdaeaceae, which itself is the only taxon in the order Vezdaeales. The genus was established in 1976 and named after the Czech lichenologist Antonín Vězda for his contributions to lichen science. These lichens form extremely thin crusts that appear as dustings of tiny greenish to grey particles on decaying moss, plant debris, and soil, particularly in metal-enriched environments that other lichens avoid. The genus contains 14 species.

Vainionora is a genus of lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. The genus, which was circumscribed in 1991 by German lichenologist Klaus Kalb, honours the Finnish lichenologist Edvard Vainio, who described the type species as Lecanora pallidostraminea in 1890.

Microbotryum scabiosae is a smut fungus that infects plants in the genus Knautia. It produces pale ochraceous spores in the host plant's anthers.

Lobothallia praeradiosa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling)crustose lichen in the family Megalosporaceae. It forms a pale, radiating crust with distinct marginal lobes, and develops pale, flat fruiting bodies (apothecia). The species grows on sun-exposed rock in dry habitats and is reported from a broad range across Eurasia and North America.

Distopyrenis is a genus of fungi in the family Pyrenulaceae.

Ascochyta fabae is a plant pathogen.

Leptosillia is a fungal genus in the monogeneric family Leptosilliaceae. The genus was established in 1928 by the Austrian mycologist Franz Xaver Rudolf von Höhnel and was originally thought to contain only one species for many decades. The bark-dwelling fungi of Leptosillia primarily live as harmless residents inside tree tissues, occasionally forming partnerships with microscopic algae, though one species can cause disease in pistachio trees. They produce tiny black, flask-shaped fruiting bodies on tree bark and are found mainly in temperate regions of Europe, though related species

Conocybe subpallida is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Bolbitiaceae.

The Coccotremataceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Pertusariales. Species in this widely distributed family grow on bark or rocks, especially in maritime regions.

Architrypethelium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae.

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