Fungi named in 2021

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Cordyceps chanhua is an ascomycete fungus that parasitizes cicada larvae found in Southern China. It forms white and yellow asexual fruiting structures resembling synnema. It is known in Traditional Chinese Medicine as Chan Hua which means "cicada flower". Its medicinal uses date back to the fifth century AD in China. It can also be used in various foods and tonics. Chan-hua is previously misidentified as Isaria cicadae, another pathogen of cicada larvae. However, this name describes a fungus found in Brazil in 1838 with significant morphological and DNA differences. Other misattributed names

Collybiopsis confluens, commonly known as the clustered toughshank, is a type of mushroom from the Omphalotaceae family. The fruiting body appears from summer until autumn in deciduous and coniferous forests. Collybiopsis confluens is not an edible mushroom.

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Fusarium acutatum is a fungus species of the genus Fusarium. Fusarium acutatum can cause gangrenous necrosis on the feet from diabetic patients. Fusarium acutatum produces fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, fumonisin B3 and 8-O-Methyl-fusarubin.

Spodocybe is a genus of mushrooms in the family Hygrophoraceae. Spodo- means grey and -cybe means head, referring to the grey pileus of the known species. At least two species were formerly classified as species of Clitocybe, as they are clitocyboid mushrooms, bearing a superficial resemblance in morphology to the genus.

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Pulvinora is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichens in the family Lecanoraceae. The genus was established in 2021 when DNA studies showed that two species then placed in Lecanora formed a distinct evolutionary lineage. Later work broadened the genus to include three additional species formerly treated in Lecanora, bringing the total number of recognised species to five. Species of Pulvinora form small cushions or thick, warty crusts on rock, and they produce black apothecia (fruiting bodies) that start with raised rims but become strongly domed as they mature.

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Kurokawia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. It has seven species of foliose lichens. The genus, circumscribed in 2021, has Kurokawia isidiata as the type species.

Kudratovia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus was established in 2021 based on molecular evidence showing that several species previously placed in Rinodina and related genera form a distinct evolutionary lineage. Species in this group typically grow as whitish to grey crusts on limestone and other calcium-rich rocks in harsh environments such as arctic tundra, high mountains, and arid regions. The genus includes eight species distributed mainly across the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in Eurasia and arctic regions.

Johnsheardia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. It comprises five species that were previously included in the genus Rinodina. The genus was established in 2021 on the basis of molecular evidence showing that these species form a distinct evolutionary lineage, although this split has not been universally adopted by lichen taxonomists. Species are characterised by crustose thalli ranging from brownish grey to reddish brown, typically growing on moss cushions, plant litter, or calcareous rocks.

Helmutiopsis is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. It comprises three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens found in the Northern Hemisphere. They have a thin, grey to whitish-grey thallus divided into areoles and with numerous lecanorine fruiting bodies (apothecia). Chemically, Helmutiopsis lichens contain atranorin, gyrophoric acid, and lecanoric acid. The genus was circumscribed in 2021 by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, László Lőkös, and Jae-Seoun Hur, who assigned H. atrocinerea as the type species. The genus name honours the Austrian

Cinnabaria is a monospecific fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae, represented by its sole species, Cinnabaria boliviana. This lichen, found only in Bolivia, is distinguished by its unique genetic signature, as well as morphological characteristics like ascospore size and other traits. Despite its resemblance to certain species from the Caloplaca cinnabarina species complex, Cinnabaria boliviana belongs to a distinct genetic lineage.

Aridoplaca is a fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single saxicolous (rock-dwelling) squamulose lichen species Aridoplaca peltata, found in South America. This lichen forms vivid orange-red, scaly patches on rocks in the high-elevation deserts of the Andes mountains, where it endures extreme conditions including intense solar radiation and arid climates. It is recognized by its shield-like scales and abundant small, reddish fruiting bodies that give it a wart-like appearance.

Watsoniomyces is a single-species fungal genus in the family Porocyphaceae. It contains the saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen Watsoniomyces obsoletus.

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Sinuicella is a fungal genus in the family Peltigeraceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Sinuicella denisonii. Both the genus and species were described as new to science in 2021 by Daphne Stone, Bruce McCune, and Jolanta Miądlikowska. The type specimen was collected by the first author from Polk County, Oregon (USA), where it was found growing on the soil. It is only known to occur in the region of the type locality. The lichen has a minute fruticose (bushy) grey to almost black thallus. The photobiont partner is a member of the cyanobacterial genus Nostoc. The genus

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The Neoschizotheciaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes and order Sordariales. It was introduced in 2021 after molecular analysis of several species of fungi in the order Sordariales. These taxa were found to be similar to taxa found in the families Bombardiaceae, Podosporaceae and Lasiosphaeriaceae, as they had ellipsoidal ascospores, sometimes with appendages, but they were phylogenetically distinct from these three families. Neoschizotheciaceae was established based on Neoschizothecium.

Neoprotoparmelia fuscosorediata is a species of crustose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Kenya, it was described as a new species in 2021 by lichenologists Klaus Kalb and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected in the Nanyuki district of Central Province, where it was found growing on wood in a savannah, at an altitude of 2,050 m (6,730 ft). The specific epithet fuscosorediata refers to the colour of the soredia, which are pale brown to pale ochraceous.

Multisporidea is a fungal genus in the family Malmideaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Multisporidea nitida, a corticolous lichen found in Réunion. The lichen has a dull, whitish to pale pinkish-brown thallus that is sometimes bordered by a black hypothallus measuring up to 0.3 mm wide. The lichen is unreactive to standard chemical spot tests, and no lichen substances are detected with thin-layer chromatography.

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