Aimé Bonpland

Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) refers to a South American tree of the monotypic genus Bertholletia in the family Lecythidaceae as well as the tree's commercially-harvested edible seeds. It is one of the largest and longest-lived trees in the Amazon rainforest. The fruit and its nutshell – containing the edible nut – are relatively large and weigh as much as 2 kg (4.4 lb) in total. As food, Brazil nuts are notable for diverse content of micronutrients, especially a high amount of selenium. The wood of the Brazil nut tree is prized for its quality in carpentry, flooring, and heavy

Espeletia, commonly known as 'frailejones' ("big monks"), is a genus of perennial subshrubs, in the family Asteraceae. The genus, which is native mainly to Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador, was first formally described in 1808. The genus was named after the viceroy of New Granada, José Manuel de Ezpeleta. The plants live at high altitude in páramo ecosystems. The trunk is thick, with succulent hairy leaves disposed in a dense spiral pattern. Marcescent leaves help protect the plants from cold. The flowers are usually yellow, similar to daisies. Some members of the genus exhibit a caulirosulate

Angelonia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Plantaginaceae. It comprises about 30 species which occur from Mexico to Argentina. Species of the genus Angelonia are herbaceous plants occurring mainly in arid and semi-arid habitats. Most species can be found in north-eastern Brazil in the seasonally-dry tropical forest Caatinga. The flowers of Angelonia species are highly specialized for pollination because they have hairs in the inner corolla, which produces oils collected by oil bee pollinators, especially of the genus Centris.

Theobroma bicolor, known commonly as the mocambo tree, jaguar tree, balamte, or pataxte, among various other common names, is a tree in the genus Theobroma (family Malvaceae), which also contains the better-known Theobroma cacao (cocoa tree). It is found in Central and South America, including stretches of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

Matisia cordata, known as the South American sapote or chupa-chupa, is a large, semi-deciduous fruit tree reaching heights of up to 45 meters. It is native to the Amazon rainforest vegetation in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

Quercus humboldtii, commonly known as the Andean oak, Colombian oak or roble, is a species of oak found only in Colombia and Panama. It is named for Alexander von Humboldt.

Quercus xalapensis, or Xalapa oak, is a species of oak in the red oak group (Quercus section Lobatae). It is native to the mountains of eastern and southern Mexico, as well as Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua in northern Central America.

Limnocharis is a genus of plants in the family Alismataceae, native to Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America, but naturalized in China, India, and Southeast Asia as well. Two species are recognized as of May 2014: Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau - most of generic range Limnocharis laforestii Duchass. ex Griseb - from Mexico to Argentina

Abolboda is a genus of flowering plants, traditionally and nowadays (Kubitzki system and APG IV) assigned to family Xyridaceae. It is native to tropical South America and to the island of Trinidad, generally on marshy savanna. Species Abolboda abbreviata Malme - Pará in Brazil Abolboda acaulis Maguire - Venezuela, Guyana Abolboda acicularis Idrobo & L.B.Sm. - Venezuela, Colombia Abolboda americana (Aubl.) Lanj. - Trinidad & Tobago, Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Brazil Abolboda bella Maguire - Cerro Yapacana in Venezuela Abolboda ciliata Maguire & Wurdack - Sierra de la Neblina in

Vauquelinia, commonly known as the rosewoods, is a genus of the rose family, Rosaceae. It consists of four species of shrubs found in the southwestern United States and northern and central Mexico. The genus was named for French chemist Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1763-1829). The nectar provided by these plants is commonly fed on by wasps such as Polistes instabilis. V. californica is of some interest as an ornamental.

Guardiola is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Mexico and the southwestern United States. Members of the genus are subshrubs with simple, opposite leaves and terminal inflorescences. Originally placed in the subtribe Melampodiinae, the genus was placed in its own subtribe, Guardiolinae, by Harold Robinson in 1978. Species Guardiola angustifolia (A.Gray ex A.Gray) B.L.Rob. - Jalisco Guardiola arguta B.L.Rob. - Sonora Guardiola carinata B.L.Rob. - Nayarit †Guardiola diehlii M.E.Jones - New Mexico but probably extinct Guardiola mexicana Humb. & Bonpl. - from Durango to Oaxaca

Quercus laurina is a species of oak. It is native primarily to Mexico (from Tamaulipas to Chiapas) and has also been found in Guatemala and El Salvador. Q. laurina is a tree up to 30 metres (98 feet) tall with a trunk as much as 50 centimetres (20 inches) or more in diameter. The leaves are thick and leathery, up to 15.5 cm (6 in) long, elliptical sometimes with a few large teeth near the tip. The species forms hybrids with Quercus affinis.

Leucophyllum (barometer bush or barometerbush) is a genus of evergreen shrubs in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae, native to the southwestern United States and Mexico. It is sometimes placed in the family Myoporaceae. The dozen-odd species are often called "sages", although they have no relationship to the genus Salvia. The solitary axillary flowers are bell- or funnel-shaped, with five lobes and two lips, and colors ranging from white to magenta to purple. The generic name is derived from the Greek words λευκός (leukos), meaning "white," and φυλλον (phyllos), meaning "leaf," referring to

Viola cheiranthifolia is a species of the genus Viola. It is also known as the Teide violet and Teide daisy. This plant is exclusively found in the dry and stony caldera of the volcano Teide on the Canary Island of Tenerife. It survives there in altitudes of 2000-3000m. Most of the time it is hiding under the rocks. It is only visible for three weeks in spring, when it comes out to the surface for pollination. It reaches heights of 6 to 7 inches. The violet of the Teide is the plant that blooms to greater height of all Spain, can even be observed in the own crater of the Teide.

Quercus depressa is a species of red oak endemic to Mexico, including the states of Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz.

Machaonia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It has about 32 species. All are indigenous to the neotropics. None has a unique common name. Some species have been called "alfilerillo", a Spanish name for the common and well-known genus Erodium. The type species for Machaonia is Machaonia acuminata. Machaonia was named by Humboldt and Bonpland in 1806 in their book, Plantae Aequinoctiales. This genus name is for Machaon, the son of Asclepias in Greek Mythology. Phylogenetic studies of DNA sequences have shown that Machaonia is paraphyletic over Neoblakea and Allenanthus.

Culcitium is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae. Its native range is Western and Southern South America. Species: Culcitium albifolium Zoellner Culcitium candidum D.Don ex Hook. & Arn. Culcitium canescens Bonpl. Culcitium dasyphyllum Gand. Culcitium depressum D.Don ex Hook. & Arn. Culcitium gilliesii (Hook. & Arn.) Speg. Culcitium haenkei Wedd. Culcitium herrerae Mattf. ex Herrera Culcitium magellanicum Hombr. & Jacquinot ex Decne. Culcitium neaei Sch.Bip. ex Wedd. Culcitium nivale Kunth Culcitium oligocephalum Cabrera Culcitium peruvianum Klatt Culcitium pflanzii

Astragalus geminiflorus is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-elevation grassland.

Menodora is a genus of perennial plants and shrubs in the olive family Oleaceae. Its 23 species (as per Green 2003) are found in the temperate Americas and in southern Africa. These are uniform species of deserts and arid grasslands or savannas.

Eudema is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae. It contains ten species native to South America, ranging from Ecuador and Peru to Bolivia and northwestern Argentina.

Retiniphyllum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains 20 species. It is the only genus in the tribe Retiniphylleae. The representatives are shrubs or small trees that grow in white sand soils in tropical South America. They are mainly distributed in the Guayana Region (Venezuela) but also occur in the Amazon Basin, the eastern Andes and central and eastern Brasil.

Quercus crassifolia is a species of oak. It is widespread in Mexico from Sonora and Chihuahua to Veracruz and Chiapas. It has also been found in Guatemala. It is a shrub or small tree sometimes reaching as much as 15 metres (49 feet) in height. The shoots are covered with many yellow or light brown branching hairs. The leaves are broadly egg-shaped with the widest part distant from the stem, up to 20 centimetres (8 inches) long, with 6–12 pointed teeth on each side. People of the region use the wood to make tool handles and farm implements.

Platycarpum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rubiaceae. Its native range is Southern Tropical America. Species: Platycarpum acreanum G.K.Rogers Platycarpum decipiens Woodson & Steyerm. Platycarpum duckei Steyerm. Platycarpum eglandulosum Steyerm. Platycarpum egleri G.K.Rogers Platycarpum froesii Bremek. Platycarpum loretensis N.Dávila & Kin.-Gouv. Platycarpum maguirei Steyerm. Platycarpum negrense Ducke Platycarpum orinocense Humb. & Bonpl. Platycarpum rhododactylum Woodson & Steyerm. Platycarpum rugosum Steyerm. Platycarpum schultesii Steyerm. Platycarpum vriesendorpiae

Matisia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae sensu lato or Bombacaceae. It includes 66 species native to the tropical Americas, ranging from Nicaragua to northern Brazil and Bolivia.

Exostema is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies.

Eucalyptus diversifolia, commonly known as the soap mallee, coastal white mallee, South Australian coastal mallee, or coast gum is a species of mallee that is endemic to an area along the southern coast of Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, white to creamy yellow flowers and cup-shaped fruit.

Salpianthus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Nyctaginaceae. Its native range is Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador, Cuba.

Quercus sideroxyla, called the Santa Rosa oak and encino colorado, is a species of oak native to northern and southwestern Mexico. Used for charcoal production, it prefers to grow at elevations from 1,800 to 2,700 metres (5,900 to 8,900 feet). It is placed in section Lobatae.

Quercus repanda is a species of oak endemic to the mountains of central Mexico.

Quercus obtusata is an oak in the white oak group (Quercus sect. Quercus) endemic to Mexico, with a distribution ranging from San Luis Potosí and Nayarit south to Oaxaca, from 620 to 2800 MSL. Quercus obtusata is a tree up to 20 metres (66 feet) tall with a trunk sometimes more than 60 centimetres (24 inches) in diameter. The leaves are thick and leathery, up to 22 cm (8+3⁄4 in) long, widely egg-shaped with 3–9 pairs of shallow rounded lobes or undulations. Resembles Q. potosina, which has smaller leaves (3–10 x 2–6 cm); also resembles Q. rugosa, this one has a convex leaf strongly