Constantine Samuel Rafinesque

French naturalist (1783-1840).

Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃stɑ̃tin(ə) samɥɛl ʁafinɛsk(ə)ʃmalts]) (October 22, 1783 – September 18, 1840) was a French polymath of the early 19th century. Born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire, he was self-educated in France. As a young man, Rafinesque-Schmaltz traveled to the United States, eventually settling in Ohio in 1815. There, he made significant contributions to botany, zoology, and the study of prehistoric earthworks in North America. Beyond his previous extensive work in Europe, he also contributed to the study of ancient Mesoamerican

Abbreviations: Raf.
Occupations: zoologist, scientific collector, pteridologist, painter, archaeologist, biologist, malacologist, meteorologist, botanical collector, botanist, bryologist, naturalist, entomologist, carcinologist, ichthyologist, explorer, mycologist
Citizenships: United States
Languages: English
Dates: 1783-10-22T00:00:00Z – 1840-09-18T00:00:00Z
Birth place: Constantinople
Direct attributions: 517 plants, 6 fungi
Authorship mentions: 629 plants, 6 fungi

517 plants attributed, 112 plants contributed to629 plants:

Delonix regia (Flamboyan) (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. 1837
edible and medicinal plant species in the fabaceae family
Delonix regia is a species of flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae native to Madagascar. It is noted for its fern-like leaves and flamboyant display of orange-red flowers over summer. In many tropical parts of the world it is grown as an ornamental tree. It is a non-nodulating legume. Although its country of origin was unknown, it had been in widespread cultivation for centuries. Finally, in 1932, a natural colony was discovered on the west coast of Madagascar by J. Leandri.
Basellaceae (Basella Family) Raf. 1837
plant family in the order caryophyllales
Basellaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Caryophyllales, in the clade core eudicots, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. The family comprises 19 known species of herbaceous plants in four genera: Anredera – 12 species Basella – 5 species Tournonia – 1 species Ullucus – 1 species All the species are climbing or trailing vines. Two species cultivated as food – Basella alba (Malabar spinach) and Ullucus tuberosus (ulluco) – have been bred to a more erect, compact form. Three species grow tubers – Anredera cordifolia and A. vesicaria produce them in the leaf axils or at
Montiaceae (Pussypaw Family) Raf. 1820
plant family in the order caryophyllales
Montiaceae are a family of flowering plants, with about 17 genera and about 230 known species, ranging from small herbaceous plants to shrubs. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution. The family Montiaceae was newly adopted in the APG III system and includes members of the Caryophyllales formerly listed in Portulacaceae. It is known by the common names of spring beauty family or the montia family.
Senegalia (Catclaws) Raf. 1838
plant genus in the fabaceae family
Senegalia (from Senegal and Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the Mimosoid clade. Until 2005, its species were considered members of Acacia. The genus was considered polyphyletic and required further division, with the genera Parasenegalia and Pseudosenegalia accepted soon after. Senegalia can be distinguished from other acacias by its spicate inflorescences and non-spinescent stipules. Plants in the genus are native to the tropical and subtropical areas of the world, occurring on the Australian, Asian, African and South and North
Physocarpus (Ninebarks) (Cambess.) Raf. 1838
plant genus in the rosaceae family
Physocarpus, commonly called ninebark, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to North America (most species) and northeastern Asia (one species). The genus name Physocarpus comes from the Greek for "bladder fruit", referring to the inflated fruits of some species. The common name 'ninebark' refers to the peeling bark of mature branches, which comes away in strips.
Luronium natans (Floating-water-plantain) (L.) Raf. 1840
perennial plant species in the alismataceae family
Luronium natans is a species of aquatic plant commonly known as the floating water-plantain. It is the only recognized species in the genus Luronium, native to western and central Europe, from Spain to Britain to Norway east to Ukraine.
Turbina corymbosa (Christmas Vine) (L.) Raf. 1838
psychoactive plant species in the convolvulaceae family
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Delonix Raf. 1837
plant genus in the fabaceae family
Delonix is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It contains trees that are native to Madagascar and East Africa. By far the best known species is the Royal Poinciana (D. regia). The name of the genus is derived from the Greek words δηλος (delos), meaning "evident," and ονυξ (onyx), meaning "claw," referring to the petals. The common name, poinciana, comes from a former genus of the same name in which the members of the current genus Delonix were classified along with plants now placed in the genus Caesalpinia.
Atocion armeria (Sweet William Catchfly) (L.) Raf. 1840
annual plant species in the caryophyllaceae family
Atocion armeria, commonly known as Sweet William catchfly, is a species of plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. Originally a native of Europe, it has become widespread in the United States. A small-growing form is known as a dwarf catchfly. The name comes from the way in which small insects are trapped by the sticky sap exuded onto the stem. Although it has been identified as a carnivorous plant in the past, it is not currently regarded as such.
Scadoxus (Bloodlilies) Raf. 1838
plant genus in the amaryllidaceae family
Scadoxus is a genus of African and Arabian plants in the Amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. The English names blood lily or blood flower are used for some of the species. The genus has close affinities with Haemanthus. Species of Scadoxus are grown as ornamental plants for their brilliantly coloured flowers, either in containers or in the ground in frost-free climates. Although some species have been used in traditional medicine, they contain poisonous alkaloids.
Misopates orontium (Weasel's Snout) (L.) Raf. 1840
annual plant species in the plantaginaceae family
Misopates orontium, known as weasel's snout, is a herbaceous annual plant in the family Plantaginaceae. It is a native of disturbed ground in Europe. It is also naturalised as a weed in other parts of the world such as North America. The pink flowers resemble a miniature snapdragon and are followed by a hairy green fruit which is said to resemble a weasel's snout. Common names include linearleaf snapdragon, weasel's snout, lesser snapdragon or calf's snout. Past common names have included lesser snapdragon and corn-snapdragon.
Caularthron Raf. 1837
plant genus in the orchidaceae family
Caularthron Raf. (1837), abbreviated Cau. in the horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids with 4 species. They are epiphytic orchids with specialized hollow pseudobulbs that house ants. The genus is exclusively found in the tropical regions of southern Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and northern South America.
Epilobium ciliatum (Fringed Willow Herb) Raf. 1808
perennial plant species in the onagraceae family
Epilobium ciliatum, known by the common names fringed willowherb, American willowherb, slender willow herb, and northern willow herb is a species of flowering plant in the willowherb family Onagraceae. This species is native to much of North America, southern South America, and East Asia. It is an introduced species in much of Eurasia and Australia. This perennial herbaceous plant usually occurs in wetlands, but may be found in a great variety of habitats, including disturbed areas and roadsides, at elevations below 1,400 metres (4,600 ft).
Tolumnia (Equitant Oncidiums) Raf. 1837
plant genus in the orchidaceae family
Tolumnia (abbreviated Tolu.), is a genus in the family Orchidaceae. Previously known as the "equitant oncidiums", the species were segregated from the mega-genus Oncidium by Guido Braem in 1986. Dancing-lady orchid is a common name for some species in this genus.
Retama (Bridal Broom) Raf. 1838
plant genus in the fabaceae family
Retama (also known as rotem, Hebrew: רותם) is a genus of flowering bushes in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the broom tribe, Genisteae. Retama broom bushes are found natively in North Africa, the Levant and some parts of southern Europe. Retama raetam and Retama monosperma have white flowers, while Retama sphaerocarpa has yellow flowers. It remains an open question in taxonomy whether the members of the genus Retama should be incorporated into the genus Genista (see Genisteae). The species contain cytisine, a toxic alkaloid. In the Spanish language the name retama is commonly used
Psychopsis (Butterfly Orchids) Raf. 1838
plant genus in the orchidaceae family
Psychopsis is a genus of four known species of orchids native to northern South America, Central America and Trinidad. The genus name is abbreviated Pyp. in the horticultural trade.
Phedimus (Stonecrop) Raf. 1817
plant genus in the crassulaceae family
Phedimus is a genus of the succulent family Crassulaceae (stonecrop family), with about 18 species, distributed in eastern Europe and Asia. The genus is described with two subgenera, but one of these is also recognized as a separate genus, Aizopsis. Phedimus kamtschaticus (syn. Sedum kamtschaticum) is widely grown as an ornamental ground cover and has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Orthilia (Nodding Wintergreens) Raf. 1840
plant genus in the ericaceae family
Orthilia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. It has only one species, Orthilia secunda. Its common names are sidebells wintergreen, one-sided-wintergreen and serrated-wintergreen. It is also called one-sided pyrola, one-sided shinleaf, and one-sided wintergreen. It was previously part of genus Pyrola, the wintergreens. The plant has a circumboreal distribution, growing throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere. The American wintergreen, Gaultheria procumbens, belongs to a different genus.
Opuntia humifusa (Eastern Prickly Pear) (Raf.) Raf. 1830
plant species in the cactaceae family
Opuntia humifusa, commonly known as the devil's-tongue, eastern prickly pear or Indian fig, is a cactus of the genus Opuntia present in parts of the eastern United States, southeastern Canada, and northeastern Mexico.
Galearis Raf. 1833
plant genus in the orchidaceae family
Galearis is a genus of the orchid family (Orchidaceae) native to North America and eastern Asia. It contains about ten recognized species. The family name comes from the Greek word orchis ('testicle'), in reference to the shape of the root.
Sarracenia leucophylla (Crimson Pitcherplant) Raf. 1817
vulnerable and perennial plant species in the sarraceniaceae family
Sarracenia leucophylla, also known as the crimson pitcherplant, purple trumpet-leaf or white pitcherplant, is a carnivorous plant in the genus Sarracenia.
Paeoniaceae (Peony Family) Raf. 1815
plant family in the order saxifragales
The peony or paeony is any flowering plant in the genus Paeonia, the only genus in the family Paeoniaceae. Peonies are native to Asia, Europe, and Western North America. Scientists differ on the number of species that can be distinguished, ranging from 25 to 40, although the current consensus describes 33 known species. The relationships between the species need to be further clarified. Most are herbaceous perennial plants 0.25–1 metre (1–3 ft) tall, but some are woody shrubs 0.25–3.5 metres (1–11 ft) tall. They have compound, deeply lobed leaves and large, often fragrant flowers, in colors
Clintonia (Clinton's Lily) Raf. 1818
plant genus in the liliaceae family
Clintonia is a genus of flowering plants in the lily family Liliaceae. Plants of the genus are distributed across the temperate regions of North America and eastern Asia, in the mesic understory of deciduous or coniferous forests. The genus, first described by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1818, was named for DeWitt Clinton (1769–1828), a naturalist and politician from the U.S. state of New York. For this reason, plants of the genus are commonly known as Clinton's lily. The common name bluebead (and by extension bluebead lily) refer to the distinctive fruit of members of the genus. Since
Cladrastis (Yellow-woods) Raf. 1825
plant genus in the fabaceae family
Cladrastis (yellowwood) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes four species, three native to eastern Asia and one to southeastern North America. Species of Cladrastis are small to medium-sized deciduous trees typically growing 10–20 m tall, exceptionally to 27 m tall. The leaves are compound pinnate, with 5–17 alternately arranged leaflets. The flowers are fragrant, white or pink, produced in racemes or panicles 15–40 cm long. The fruit is a pod 3–8 cm long, containing one to six seeds. Cladrastis is related to the genus Maackia, from which it differs in having the
Scadoxus multiflorus (Bloodlily) (Martyn) Raf. 1838
medicinal plant species in the amaryllidaceae family
Scadoxus multiflorus (formerly Haemanthus multiflorus) is a species of bulbous plant native to most of sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal to Somalia to South Africa. It is also native to Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman) and to the Seychelles. It is naturalized in Mexico and in the Chagos Archipelago.It is also found in Indian peninsula. It is grown as an ornamental plant for its brilliantly coloured flowers, either in containers or in the ground in where the climate is suitable. There are three recognized subspecies. Strongly toxic like other Scadoxus species, it has been used as a
Osmorhiza (Sweet-cicely) Raf. 1819
plant genus in the apiaceae family
Osmorhiza is a genus of perennial herbs, known generally as sweet cicely, sweetcicely, or sweetroot. Most species are native to North America, but some grow in South America and Asia. Some species are used for medicinal purposes, but have dangerous lookalikes. The fruits of this plant have barbs on the end allowing them to stick to clothing, fur, or feathers. American Indians used the roots of sweet cicely as a panacea. It was used as a tonic for upset stomach and to ease childbirth. The root was poulticed on boils and wounds, and a root tea was used as an eye wash. Folk medicine list uses of
Cochleanthes Raf. 1837
plant genus in the orchidaceae family
The genus Cochleanthes is made up of 4 species of orchids native to Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. The name Cochleanthes refers to the shape of the flower (in Greek, cochlos means "shell" and anthos means "flower").
Viburnum edule (Squashberry) (Michx.) Raf. 1808
plant species in the viburnaceae family
Viburnum edule, the squashberry, mooseberry, moosomin, moosewood viburnum, pembina, pimina, highbush cranberry, or lowbush cranberry is a species of shrub. It grows up to 2.5 metres (8 ft) tall and has smooth branches. The species is native to Canada and the northern United States. The tart berries ripen early in spring and are eaten by various animals. With the seeds removed, they are edible to humans as well, and can be made into jam.
Valerianoideae (Valerians) Raf. 1820
plant subfamily in the caprifoliaceae family
Valerianoideae is a subfamily of plants.
Psychilis (Peacock Orchid) Raf. 1838
plant genus in the orchidaceae family
Psychilis, common name peacock orchid, is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It consists of about 15 species native to the West Indies.
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