Frank Nigel Hepper

The black gram or urad bean (Vigna mungo) is a bean grown in South Asia. Like its relative the mung bean, it has been reclassified from the genus Phaseolus to Vigna. The product sold as black gram is usually the whole urad bean, whereas the split bean (the interior being white) is called white lentil. It should not be confused with the much smaller true black lentil (Lens culinaris). Black gram originated in South Asia, where it has been in cultivation from ancient times. It is very widely used in South Asian cuisine. In India the black gram is one of the important pulses grown in both kharif

Solanum linnaeanum is a nightshade species known as devil's apple and, in some places where it is introduced, apple of Sodom. The latter name is also used for other nightshades and entirely different plants elsewhere, in particular the poisonous milkweed Calotropis procera. This poisonous plant bearing tomato-like fruit is native to many African countries Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique, and is considered to be an invasive species in Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, Fiji, New Caledonia, other Pacific Islands, the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia, and northern areas of

Celtis toka is a medium-sized tree that commonly occurs adjacent to streams and rivers in the Sudanian-Sahel savannah climates of Tropical Africa but it can survive in drier habitats; it is also found of Yemen and Saudi Arabia.

Breonadia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It was described by Colin Ernest Ridsdale in 1975. The genus contains only one species, viz. Breonadia salicina, which is found in tropical and southern Africa from Mali and Benin east to Ethiopia, south to South Africa, as well as Yemen, Saudi Arabia and Madagascar. Breonadia salicina (Matumi, Afrikaans: Mingerhout, Sotho: Mohlomê, Venda: Mutu-lume, Zulu: Umfomfo) is a protected tree in South Africa.

Boswellia nana is a species of plant in the Burseraceae family endemic to the Yemeni island of Socotra. They are small trees or shrubs, sometimes so bent that they are lying nearly horizontal to the ground. The habitat of Boswellia nana is arid, partly deciduous forest land on limestone escarpments, at altitudes from 300 to 550 m. Specimens are also known to grow on flat, paved limestone; B. nana is known from only in two populations, confined to an area of less than 20 km2 in the northeastern part of the island. It is possible that Boswellia nana is a natural hybrid between B. socotrana and

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Debregieasia saeneb, also known as ajilai, is a shrub that can reach a height of 1.5–2.4 m. It has dark reddish branchlets and dark green leaves at mature form; the upper side of leaves are green and lower side are white-grey colour. It is an evergreen plant with edible fruit that can be used as a flavouring agent. Its stems are used for fibre and fuel wood. It is found in Pakistan, the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia. The powder form of leaves mixed with mustard oil is used for antifungal activity to curing skin rashes, dermatitis (inflammation of the skin) and eczema. The leaves of the

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Boswellia popoviana is a species of plant in the Burseraceae family. It is endemic to Socotra in Yemen. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and rocky areas.

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Macrotyloma biflorum (syn. Dolichos biflorus) is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is native to west Tropical Africa, Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Angola, and Zambia. A climbing perennial, it is typically found in the seasonally dry tropics. It is fire-adapted.

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