Georg August Schweinfurth

Acokanthera schimperi, arrow poison tree, belonging to the family Apocynaceae, is a small tree native to eastern and central Africa as well as to Yemen.

Barbeya is the only genus in the family Barbeyaceae, and has only one species, Barbeya oleoides. It is a small tree native to the mountains of Somalia, Ethiopia, and the Arabian Peninsula. It can be found locally abundant in the transition zone between the dry, evergreen, Afromontane forests and lower-elevation evergreen bushlands. Barbeya oleoides has opposite, oblong-lanceolate, simple leaves with entire margins. Plants are dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate trees. The family Barbeyaceae is closely related to its ecological associate on the Horn, the family Dirachmaceae.

Aloe camperi is a species of aloe indigenous to Africa, specifically the regions of Ethiopia and Eritrea. It grows in colonies, with orange flowers in early spring.

Euphorbia ammak, commonly known as giant milk bush, African candelabra and candelabra spurge, is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae native to the Arabian Peninsula. As most other succulent members of the genus Euphorbia, its trade is regulated under Appendix II of CITES. In 1998, the plant was assessed for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and was listed as Vulnerable.

Lobelia telekii is a species of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae, that is found only in the alpine zones of Mount Kenya, Mount Elgon, and the Aberdare Mountains of East Africa. It occurs at higher altitudes on well-drained sloped hillsides. It is a semelparous species, growing vegetatively for about 40 years and putting putting all its reproductive effort into producing single large inflorescence up to 3 metres (10 ft) tall before dying. Inflorescences of L. telekii also possesses a large pith-volume for internal water storage and marcescent foliage which could provide insulation.

Aloe rubroviolacea (Arabian aloe), is a succulent plant with 2 foot wide rosettes of thick, blue-green leaves crowning a thick stem. This aloe comes from steep and rocky areas above 2100 meters elevation in the mountains of Yemen and Saudi Arabia on the Arabian Peninsula. Pups often making large clusters of plants. Hanging from rock cliffs older plants can grow stems over 3 meters in length. The species was first formally described by Schweinf in 1895.

Mimulopsis is a genus in the flowering plant family Acanthaceae with about 20 species native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

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Satanocrater (from σατανος‐, ‐κρατορας, meaning "devil's bowl") is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae, disjunctly distributed in Guinea in west Africa, and Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia and Sudan in east Africa. They are xerophytes, and either shrubs or perennial herbs.

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Aloe schoelleri is a species of Aloe native to Eritrea, on the cliffs above Amba Souara Gorge.

Aegilops longissima (syn. Aegilops sharonense Eig, Sitopsis longissima (Schweinf. & Muschl.) Á. Löve, Triticum longissimum (Schweinf. & Muschl.) Bowden, Triticum sharonense L.) is a species in the family Poaceae. It is native to the Levant & Egypt.

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Pancratium sickenbergeri is a species of flowering plant in the Amaryllidaceae family. It is a Saharo-Arabian plant that grows in deserts, such as the Negev. It is native to Israel, Egypt, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. The flowers look like the Mediterranean species Pancratium maritimum, but the leaves of P. sickenbergeri are curly and the plant is much smaller. Unusually for the desert, the seeds are distributed by floodwaters when they occur in the winter.

Nymphaea stuhlmannii is a species of waterlily endemic to Tanzania.

Fadogia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera Rytigynia and Fadogia form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic.

Mimulopsis solmsii is a flowering plant from the family Acanthaceae. It is a native to the mountains of tropical Africa. It is the type species for the genus Mimulopsis.

Heliotropium riebeckii is a species of plant in the family Heliotropiaceae. It is endemic to the island of Socotra in Yemen. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and subtropical or tropical wet lowland grassland.

Dorstenia barnimiana is a very small tuberous succulent native widely across tropical Africa from Cameroon east to Zambia, and also in the southern Arabian Peninsula in Yemen. The variety D. b. var. tropaeolifolia, found across most of the species' area, is the smallest known member of the family Moraceae. It has a single peltate leaf 3 cm (1.2 in) diameter springing from a tiny tuber 16 mm thick, with the leaf's petiole being 4 cm (1.6 in) height. As with other Dorstenia species, the tiny flowers coat the upper surface of a disk-like inflorescence.

Schouwia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It only contains one known species, Schouwia purpurea (Forssk.) Schweinf. Its native range is Sahara and Sahel to the Arabian Peninsula (Palestine and Saudi Arabia). It is found in the African countries of Algeria, Burkina, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen. The genus name of Schouwia is in honour of Joakim Frederik Schouw (1789–1852), a Danish lawyer, botanist and politician. From 1821, he was a professor in botany at the University of

Polycarpaea repens is a low-growing herbaceous plant belonging to the Caryophyllaceae family. It is indigenous to arid and semi-arid regions across North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and into Pakistan.

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Lifago is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Inuleae within the family Asteraceae. Species There is only one known species, Lifago dielsii, native to the western part of the Sahara Desert in Algeria and Morocco.

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Dorstenia foetida, also known as grendelion, is a succulent plant in the genus Dorstenia, which is native to Eastern Africa and Arabia. It is a very variable species with a wide distribution.

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