Merritt Lyndon Fernald

American botanist (1873-1950).

Merritt Lyndon Fernald (October 5, 1873 – September 22, 1950) was an American botanist. He was a respected scholar of the taxonomy and phytogeography of the vascular plant flora of temperate eastern North America. During his career, Fernald published more than 850 scientific papers and wrote and edited the seventh and eighth editions of Gray's Manual of Botany. Fernald coauthored the book Edible Wild Plants of Eastern North America in 1919–1920 with Alfred Kinsey, which was published in 1943.

Abbreviations: Fernald
Occupations: university teacher, scientific collector, botanist, botanical collector
Citizenships: United States
Languages: English
Dates: 1873-10-05T00:00:00Z – 1950-09-22T00:00:00Z
Birth place: Orono
Direct attributions: 444 plants, 0 fungi
Authorship mentions: 607 plants, 0 fungi

444 plants attributed, 163 plants contributed to607 plants:

Aruncus dioicus (Buck's-beard) (Walter) Fernald 1939
perennial plant species in the rosaceae family
Aruncus dioicus, known as goat's beard, buck's-beard or bride's feathers, is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant in the family Rosaceae, found in Europe, Asia, and eastern and western North America. It is the type species of the genus Aruncus. It has alternate, pinnately compound leaves, on thin, stiff stems, with plumes of feathery white or cream flowers borne in summer. The Latin specific epithet dioicus means "having the male reproductive organs on one plant, and the female on another".
Pinus lumholtzii (Lumholtz's Pine) B.L.Rob. & Fernald 1895
plant species in the pinaceae family
Pinus lumholtzii, the Lumholtz's pine or pino triste ('sad pine' in Spanish), is a species of conifer in the family Pinaceae. It is endemic to northwestern Mexico. It is named after Norwegian explorer Carl Sofus Lumholtz. This pine occurs only in the states of Chihuahua, Durango, Zacatecas, Nayarit, Jalisco, Aguascalientes (29° to 22° North latitude). It grows at 1,600–3,000 metres (5,200–9,800 ft) in elevation. It grows in warm temperate and cool climates, with summer rainfall. Pinus lumholtzii grows to 15–20 metres (49–66 ft) tall. It is on the IUCN Red List of endangered plant species in
Beckmannia syzigachne (American Slough Grass) (Steud.) Fernald 1928
annual, perennial, and medicinal plant species in the poaceae family
Beckmannia syzigachne, the American sloughgrass, or slough grass, is an annual or short-lived perennial bunchgrass in the grass family, Poaceae, found in shallow marshes or sloughs. Beckmannia syzigachne is widespread across much of Europe, Asia, and North America. Beckmannia syzigachne is one of only two species in the genus Beckmannia; the other being Beckmannia eruciformis.
Carex crawfordii (Crawford's Sedge) Fernald 1902
perennial plant species in the cyperaceae family
Carex crawfordii, common name Crawford sedge, is a species of Carex native to North America.
Salvia iodantha (Mexican Fuchsia Sage) Fernald 1900
plant species in the lamiaceae family
Salvia iodantha is a herbaceous perennial native to the mountains of central Mexico, growing between 2,600 and 10,500 ft elevation. It was described by Merritt Lyndon Fernald in 1900 and began appearing in horticulture in the 1980s. A very robust plant, Salvia iodantha grows to 10 ft or more in height and 6 ft or more in width. Its stems tend to be scandent, often growing into the branches of trees, with its own flowering branches hanging from the tree's limbs. Numerous branches grow from the base of the plant, covered in ovoid or lanceolate mistletoe-green leaves that vary in size and
Salvia disjuncta (Southern Mexican Sage) Fernald 1900
plant species in the lamiaceae family
Salvia disjuncta, the southern Mexican sage, is a herbaceous perennial shrub native to the Mexican states of Oaxaca and Chiapas, with its range extending into Guatemala. It is found between 7,500 and 11,000 ft elevation in warm moist mountain habitat. It was collected by botanists from Strybing Arboretum in the 1980s and became available to nurseries in the 1990s. There are two forms of the plant: one with pale tan or green stems and mid-green leaves, and the other with raisin-colored stems and mature leaves that are purple-green. Both reach 3–4 ft high and wide, with thin stems covered with
Salvia chiapensis (Chiapan Sage) Fernald 1900
perennial plant species in the lamiaceae family
Salvia chiapensis (Chiapas sage) is a herbaceous perennial native to the province of Chiapas, Mexico, growing between 7000 and 9500 feet elevation in cloud forests. It was introduced to horticulture in the 1980s, probably as a result of a collecting trip by the University of California Botanical Garden, Berkeley. Chiapas sage grows about 1.5–2 feet (0.46–0.61 m) tall and wide, with several stems growing out of the rootstock. The 3-inch-long (76 mm) and 1.5-inch-wide (38 mm) elliptic-shaped leaves are ivy-green, glossy, and deeply veined, growing widely spaced along the stem. The flowers are
Lomatogonium rotatum (Marsh Felwort) (L.) Fernald 1919
annual and medicinal plant species in the gentianaceae family
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Desmanthus illinoensis (Illinois Bundleflower) (Michx.) MacMill. ex B.L.Rob. & Fernald 1908
perennial plant species in the fabaceae family
Desmanthus illinoensis, commonly known as Illinois bundleflower, prairie-mimosa or prickleweed, is a common plant in the central and southern United States.
Cenchrus longispinus (Long-spine Sandbur) (Hack.) Fernald 1943
annual plant species in the poaceae family
Cenchrus longispinus is a species of grass, also known as spiny burr grass or gentle Annie or picco. Its fruits are clumped into "burrs" with sharp, barbed spines that can penetrate the hides and mouth of grazing animals. They can also become lodged in human clothing and skin, causing some discomfort. This activity is important for the plant's seed dispersal, as the plant is a summer annual. The species has a prostrate habit when there is no competition for light. The species is native to North America and is considered as a noxious weed in Europe, Australia and New Zealand where it was
Carex garberi (Elk Sedge) Fernald 1935
perennial plant species in the cyperaceae family
Carex garberi, commonly known as elk sedge and Garber's sedge, is a species of sedge native to North America.
Amelanchier arborea (Downy Serviceberry) (F.Michx.) Fernald 1941
plant species in the rosaceae family
Amelanchier arborea (downy serviceberry or common serviceberry), is a small tree native to eastern North America from the Gulf Coast north to Thunder Bay in Ontario and Lake St. John in Quebec, and west to Texas and Minnesota. Other common names are "shadberries" (as their blossoming coincides with the shad runs in New England), "Juneberries" (because the berries usually set on in June), and "Service" or "Sarvice" berries because their blooms mean that the muddy back roads into the "coves and hollers" of Appalachia will soon be passable for circuit-riding preachers and the communities will be
Salvia miniata (Belizean Sage) Fernald 1900
plant species in the lamiaceae family
Salvia miniata, the Belize sage, is a woody-based herbaceous perennial plant from Belize and the Mexican state of Chiapas. It typically grows on shaded mountain hillsides at 600 m (2,000 ft) elevation. The single flowers are clear red, with an orange undertone, about 2.5 cm long. The flowers grow in whorls on inflorescences up to 30 cm long. Salvia miniata reaches about 1 m (3.3 ft) in height and width during the summer growing season, with many branches from the base, and myrtle-green glossy leaves measuring about 13 cm long and 5 cm wide.
Salvia coahuilensis (Coahuilan Sage) Fernald 1900
plant species in the lamiaceae family
Salvia coahuilensis is a perennial shrub native to the Sierra Madre Oriental in the Mexican state of Coahuila. It is a low-growing evergreen, under 2.5 ft in height and width, with many woody branches growing from the base. It has 1 in long beet-purple flowers, and 1 in long widely spaced, linear olive-green leaves.
Nuphar microphylla (Small Yellow Pond-lily) (Pers.) Fernald 1917
plant species in the nymphaeaceae family
Nuphar microphylla is a perennial, rhizomatous, aquatic herb found in North America. It is listed as a special concern and believed extirpated in Connecticut.
Carex bebbii (Bebb Sedge) (L.H.Bailey) Olney ex Fernald 1902
perennial plant species in the cyperaceae family
Carex bebbii, Bebb's sedge, is a species of sedge native to the northern United States and Canada. Carex bebbii grows in a variety of wetland habitats such as lakeshores, streambanks, ditches, meadows, swamps, and seeps. It forms dense tufts with culms up to 90 centimeters (35 in) tall.
Amphicarpaea bracteata (American Hogpeanut) (L.) Fernald 1933
annual plant species in the fabaceae family
Amphicarpaea bracteata (American hog peanut or hog-peanut or ground bean) is an annual to perennial vine in the legume family, native to woodland, thickets, and moist slopes in eastern North America. A. bracteata can be found in eastern North America, as well as further west into the Midwestern region, including Iowa, Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin.
Thermopsis villosa (Carolina Lupine) (Walter) Fernald & B.G.Schub. 1948
perennial plant species in the fabaceae family
Thermopsis villosa, commonly referred to as Carolina (false) lupine, Carolina bush pea, Southern lupine, Aaron's rod, and Blue Ridge golden banner, is an herbaceous plant in the legume family. Its native range is in North America, in the southern Appalachian Mountains. It is found elsewhere as an escape from cultivation.
Salvia villosa Fernald 1900
plant species in the lamiaceae family
Salvia villosa is a herbaceous perennial that is native to the Mexican states of San Luis Potosi and Coahuila, growing at approximately 4,000 feet (1,200 m) elevation in dry areas that have little or no frost. Salvia villosa is a low mounding plant with a dainty appearance that eventually reaches 1 to 1.5 feet (0.30 to 0.46 m) tall and wide. Blue-green leaves grow up to 1 inch (2.5 cm) long, growing upright on the stems and covering the plant. The leaves and their margins are covered with short hairs, giving the plant its specific epithet, villosa, or "hairy". The inflorescences are 8 inches
Salvia sinaloensis (Sinaloa Sage) Fernald 1900
plant species in the lamiaceae family
Salvia sinaloensis (Sinaloa sage) is a perennial native only to the Mexican state of Sinaloa, most often in the foothills of the Sierra Madre Occidental range. It has been available to gardeners since the 1980s. It has many graceful 1 ft. long stems, grows rapidly, and spreads on underground runners into a clump about 1 ft. wide. The flowers are an intense true blue, with the slightest hint of violet, a spot of white on the lower lip, and less than 1 inch long. The wine colored calyx remains long after the flower has dropped its petals.
Salvia chionophylla (Snowflake Sage) Fernald 1907
plant species in the lamiaceae family
Salvia chionophylla is a low-growing evergreen perennial plant native to a small area in the state of Coahuila, Mexico. First described in 1907 by Merritt Lyndon Fernald, it was only seen in horticulture beginning around 1996. It is a trailing plant that spreads by rooting at its nodes, producing more trailing stems, with small rounded dove-gray leaves about 0.5 inches (13 mm) long, evenly spaced along the stem. The small blue flowers are less than .25 inches (6.4 mm) long on short inflorescences with whorls of 2–6 flowers.
Salix serissima (Autumn Willow) Fernald 1903
plant species in the salicaceae family
Salix serissima is a species of flowering plant in the willow family known by the common names autumn willow and fall willow. It is native to North America, where it is distributed across much of Canada and the northern contiguous United States. This willow is a shrub growing to 2 to 3 m (6.6 to 9.8 ft) tall, and known to reach 5 m (16 ft) at times. The stems and twigs are hairless. The leaves are lance-shaped to oval and are up to 11 cm long by 3.3 wide. They are hairless. The inflorescence is a catkin. This willow grows in forests and woodlands, and in moist habitat such as bogs, swamps,
Lactuca biennis (Tall Blue Lettuce) (Moench) Fernald 1940
plant species in the asteraceae family
Lactuca biennis is a North American species of wild lettuce known by the common names tall blue lettuce and blue wood lettuce. It is widespread across much of the United States and Canada from Alaska and Yukon south as far as California, New Mexico, and Georgia. Lactuca biennis is a biennial herb in the dandelion tribe within the daisy family growing from a taproot to heights anywhere from one half to four meters (20 inches to over 13 feet). There are deeply lobed, toothed leaves all along the stem. The top of the stem bears a multibranched inflorescence with many flower heads. Each head is
Echinochloa muricata (American Barnyardgrass) (P.Beauv.) Fernald 1915
annual plant species in the poaceae family
Echinochloa muricata is a species of grass known by the common names rough barnyard grass and American barnyard grass. It is native to Eurasia and much of North America. It is an annual grass growing one half to one meter in height.
Cyperus plukenetii (Plukenet's Flatsedge) Fernald 1945
perennial plant species in the cyperaceae family
Cyperus plukenetii is a species of perennial sedge that is native to south central and south eastern parts of United States. This species requires sandy soil. It has been observed growing in habitats such as hardwood stands, upland pine communities, and scrub oak sandhills.
Carex oronensis (Orono Sedge) Fernald 1902
perennial plant species in the cyperaceae family
Carex oronensis is a species of sedge known by the common name Orono sedge. It is endemic to Maine in the United States, where it occurs mainly in the Penobscot River Valley. It is the only plant that is endemic to the state of Maine. The type locality is Orono. The Orono sedge produces clumps of stems up to one meter tall. There are three to four leaf blades per stem. Each measures 18 to 23 centimeters long. The copper-colored inflorescence is a few centimeters long and contains several spikes of flowers. Flowering occurs in June and July. This plant grows in wetlands and in less wet areas.
Carex leptonervia (Nerveless Woodland Sedge) (Fernald) Fernald 1914
perennial plant species in the cyperaceae family
Carex leptonervia, also known as nerveless woodland sedge, is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. It is native to Eastern Canada and the United States.
Carex hormathodes (Marsh Straw Sedge) Fernald 1906
perennial plant species in the cyperaceae family
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Braya longii (Long's Braya) Fernald 1926
perennial plant species in the brassicaceae family
Braya longii, common name Long's Braya or Long's northern rockcress, is a small, herbaceous, arctic-alpine flowering plant that grows only in the cool, wet and windy climate of the coastal limestone barrens of northern Newfoundland. It is a narrow endemic, found in only five populations within a range of 6 km, and in one isolated population 14 km to the south, all in the Strait of Belle Isle ecoregion on the extreme northwest portion of the Great Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland.
Salvia serpyllifolia Fernald 1900
plant species in the lamiaceae family
Salvia serpyllifolia is a woody perennial endemic to a small area in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosi. It was described by Merritt Lyndon Fernald in 1900, who gave it the epithet serpyllifolia because of its small, shiny leaves—similar to the leaves of Thymus serpyllum. Salvia serpyllifolia was introduced into horticulture in 1990 from seed collected at 7,000 feet elevation. At that time it was thought to be a variety of Salvia microphylla. Salvia serpyllifolia is a small mounding plant that reaches 2 feet (0.61 m) high and 3 feet (0.91 m) wide. The 0.5-inch (13 mm) leaves are a bright
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