William Roscoe

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice and a folk medicine. It is an herbaceous perennial that grows annual pseudostems (false stems made of the rolled bases of leaves) about one meter tall, bearing narrow leaf blades. The inflorescences bear flowers having pale yellow petals with purple edges, and arise directly from the rhizome on separate shoots. Ginger is in the family Zingiberaceae, which also includes turmeric (Curcuma longa), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), and galangal. Ginger originated in Maritime Southeast

Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary , white turmeric, or temu putih) is a perennial herb and member of the genus Curcuma, family Zingiberaceae. The plant is native to South Asia and Southeast Asia but is now naturalized in other places including the US state of Florida. Zedoary was one of the ancient food plants of the Austronesian peoples. They were spread during prehistoric times to the Pacific Islands and Madagascar during the Austronesian expansion (c. 3000 BCE). Its use as a spice in the West today is extremely rare, having been replaced by ginger, and to a lesser extent, yellow turmeric.

Myoga (茗荷, myōga; also myoga ginger) or Japanese ginger is the species Zingiber mioga in the family Zingiberaceae. It is a deciduous herbaceous perennial native to Japan, China, and the southern part of Korea. Only its edible flower buds and flavorful shoots are used in cooking. The flower buds are finely shredded and used in Japanese cuisine as a garnish for miso soup, sunomono, and dishes such as roasted eggplant. In Korean cuisine, the flower buds are skewered alternately with pieces of meat and then are pan-fried.

Alpinia malaccensis is a plant in the family Zingiberaceae cultivated for ornamental and medicinal purposes. It is a native of Indonesia and Malaysia. An oil is obtained from its leaves and rhizomes. It has many medicinal properties.

Alpinia nutans, the shellflower, or dwarf cardamom, is a Southeast Asian plant of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), and is a medicinal plant used to control hypertension, as diuretic, antifungal, and antiulcer. In Japan it is used as food preservative.

Costus comosus, known as red tower ginger, is a species of plant native to South Mexico to Ecuador. As a cultivated plant,Costus comosus is cold hardy; however, if it freezes back to the ground over the winter it is unlikely to flower. Costus comosus contains chemical compounds which have been found to have anti-diabetic activity. In traditional medicine, Costus comosus is used to treat several conditions including asthma, bronchitis, intestinal worms, diabetes, and liver diseases. It is also used traditionally for rash and fever. People of Southern Ecuador use Costus comosus to treat

Hedychium flavescens is a perennial flowering plant from the Zingiberaceae (the ginger family). It is native to the Himalayas, Sichuan, and northern Vietnam, and naturalized in various other lands (South Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, India, Sri Lanka, French Polynesia, Hawaii, etc.). Commonly known as cream garland-lily or yellow ginger, it grows up to 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) high. It is extremely shade-tolerant, and thrives in a wide range of soils. Since it has the ability to regrow from even a small fragment of the rhizome, which survive crushing, immersion in sea water, and even years

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Alpinia aquatica, aquatic ginger, is a species of ginger native from South India to Western Malesia. It was first described by Anders Jahan Retzius and renamed by William Roscoe.

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Zingiber zerumbet is a species of plant in the ginger family with leafy stems growing to about 1.2 m (4 ft) tall. It originates from Asia, but can be found in many tropical countries. Common names include: awapuhi (from Hawaiian: ʻawapuhi spelled with an ʻokina, doublet of ʻawa), bitter ginger, shampoo ginger, lempoyang (from Malay) and pinecone ginger. The rhizomes of Z. zerumbet are used as food flavoring and appetizers in various cuisines, and the rhizome extracts have been used in herbal medicine.