Flora of Northern Europe

Primula scotica, commonly known as Scottish primrose, is a species of flowering plant in the family, Primulaceae, the primroses and their relatives. It was first described by James Smith, and is endemic to the northern coast of Scotland.

Bromus interruptus, commonly known as the interrupted brome, is a flowering plant in the grass family. It is endemic to southern and central England, which became extinct in the wild in 1972. After several decades in cultivation, the interrupted brome was re-introduced to Aston Rowant National Nature Reserve in 2004, marking the first known re-introduction of an extinct plant in Britain. The plant was a weed of waste places and arable agriculture, particularly of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) cultivation. It can be distinguished from all other Bromus species by its deeply split, or bifid,

Saxifraga svalbardensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Saxifragaceae, endemic to Svalbard. It arose, probably after the end of the last ice age, as a hybrid between Saxifraga rivularis (the seed parent) and S. cernua (the pollen parent).

Cotoneaster cambricus (wild cotoneaster; Welsh: Creigafal y Gogarth "rock apple of Gogarth") is a species of Cotoneaster endemic to the Great Orme peninsula in north Wales. It is the only species of Cotoneaster native to the British Isles. It has never been found naturally at any other location. In the past, it was included within the widespread eastern European Cotoneaster integerrimus, but differs from that in genetic profile. It is a deciduous shrub growing to 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) tall and 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) broad. The leaves are oval-pointed, 1–4 centimetres (0.39–1.57 in) long,

Coincya wrightii, known as Lundy cabbage, is a species of primitive brassicoid, endemic to the island of Lundy off the southwestern coast of England, where it is sufficiently isolated to have formed its own species, with its endemic phytophagous beetles. Coincya wrightii grows natively only on the eastern cliffs and slopes of the island and nowhere else in the world and is a protected species. It reaches up to a metre in height and with its yellow flowers (seen from May to August) it looks a little similar to oil seed rape. Although it is a member of the cabbage family, it tastes unpleasant –

Euphrasia cambrica, commonly called the Welsh eyebright, is a plant from the genus Euphrasia, in the family Orobanchaceae. It is endemic to North Wales where it occurs on mountains in the vice-counties of Caernarfonshire and Merionethshire.

Fumaria occidentalis, the western ramping-fumitory, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Fumaria that is endemic to Cornwall. It is the largest of the British fumitories, and was discovered in 1904.

Euphrasia vigursii, also known by its common names of Vigur's eyebright or Cornish eyebright, is an endangered annual of the eyebright family which is endemic to Devon and Cornwall. It is a facultative hemiparasite and needs open conditions and regular grazing of larger shrubs and grasses to grow. It is named after C. C. Vigurs, a Cornish doctor and botanist.

Myosotis × bollandica, also known as the Bowland forget-me-not, is a hybrid species of flowering plant within the genus Myosotis and family Boraginaceae. The hybrid displays an overall appearance intermediate between the parent species M. secunda and M. stolonifera. The hybrid was first discovered in the Bowland Fells of Lancashire, UK.

Hieracium radyrense, the Radyr hawkweed, is a very rare endemic species restricted to Radyr in south Wales, UK. First identified in 1907 it was described as a variety in 1948 and a species in 1955. and belongs to Hieracium section Vulgata. It has rarely been seen and surveys between 1998 and 2004 indicate that only one population of about 25 plants survives. A polycarpic perennial, Radyr hawkweed flowers from late May to early June or July. Specimens found at Danybryn in Radyr grew on a grassy bank and lawn under the partial shade of trees and shrubs.

Hieracium attenboroughianum, or Attenborough's hawkweed, is a species of hawkweed in the genus Hieracium, found only in the Brecon Beacons in south Wales. It was named after the naturalist Sir David Attenborough by taxonomist Tim Rich, who said: "I decided to name this special little plant after David Attenborough as he inspired me to study ecology when I was 17. This is a personal thank you for the years of fascination he has given me going to different places to search for new things." Rich was one of the team that first discovered the species, in 2004. Attenborough was honoured by the

Hedlundia pseudofennica, also called Arran service-tree or Arran cut-leaved whitebeam, is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae. Endemic to the Isle of Arran in Scotland, it is threatened by habitat loss. It is thought to be a naturally occurring hybrid between H. arranensis and Sorbus aucuparia, probably with additional backcrossing with S. aucuparia. Hedlundia arranensis is itself a hybrid between Aria rupicola and S. aucuparia. Apomixis and hybridization are common in some groups of Sorbus species.

Coincya monensis subsp. monensis, the Isle of Man cabbage, is a species of plant in the family Brassicaceae that is found in coastal habitats on the west of the island of Great Britain (from north Devon to Kintyre) and around the coasts of the Isle of Man.

Taraxacum rubifolium is a species of dandelion named for its brown to red colored glossy leaves. It is closely related to Taraxacum faeroense that instead has bluish gray and green leaves.

Hieracium snowdoniense, the Snowdonia hawkweed, is a species of flowering plant within the family Asteraceae. The species is endemic to Snowdonia, North Wales. It was believed to have become extinct in the early 1950s as a result of overgrazing sheep on the habitat. In 2002, three plants of the species were re-discovered on steep slopes in the Cwm Idwal National Nature Reserve above Bethesda. In 2021 it appeared that the population had doubled to six plants, but they were in an extremely inaccessible place, making it impossible to confirm that all six were in fact Hieracium snowdoniense. In

Hieracium naviense is a very rare species of hawkweed which has been given the common name of Derby hawkweed. It is a native perennial plant of limestone cliffs, first discovered in Derbyshire, England, at Winnats Pass (SK1382) by J.N. Mills in 1966, and described by him as a new species in 1968. According to The Flora of Derbyshire, it has been refound there on a number of occasions since, including in 1981 by UK hawkweed expert P.D. Sell, who declared it "a good species". Like many apomictic species of Hieracium, it has an extremely localised distribution and requires specialist knowledge

Aria wilmottiana, commonly known as Willmott's whitebeam, is a species of whitebeam in the family Rosaceae. It is endemic to England, and is found in the Avon Gorge, in Somerset and Gloucestershire. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Tephroseris integrifolia subsp. maritima, also known as the spathulate fleawort or South Stack fleawort, is endemic to Holyhead Island, occurring only around South Stack. It is a subspecies of the field fleawort Tephroseris integrifolia. It is a single-stemmed plant, typically with more than six capitula (flower heads), which flowers between April and June.

Taraxacum pankhurstianum, also known as the St Kilda dandelion, is a species of dandelion that was identified as new in 2012 after being cultivated at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh from seeds collected two years previously on the island of Hirta, the largest island in the St Kilda archipelago, on the western edge of Scotland.

Rubus durescens is a rare British species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to England, where the entire global distribution of this bramble is found only within the southern half of the county of Derbyshire. It occurs in hedges, shrubs, wood and heathy areas, and was first described and named in 1892 by the Derbyshire botanist William Richardson Linton. Linton placed an illustration of the plant in gold leaf on the cover of the 1903 version of The Flora of Derbyshire, of which he was the sole author.

Karpatiosorbus admonitor, previously classified as Sorbus admonitor and also called the Watersmeet whitebeam, is a species of whitebeam tree found in Devon, United Kingdom. It is known only from the Watersmeet Valley at Lynton, with two stray plants growing on the coast above Sillery Sands, Countisbury. It has also been nicknamed the no parking whitebeam in some newspapers.

Hieracium hethlandiae, known as Cliva Hill hawkweed, is a species of hawkweed native to Shetland. The species was first published in 1946. The species was endemic to a localized region of rocky slopes near Mavis Grind. Already threatened due to overgrazing by sheep, it was declared extinct in the wild after habitat disruption due to quarrying in the 1980s. Before the only known wild population was destroyed, botanist Walter Scott harvested and cultivated specimens of Hieracium hethlandiae. An authority on Hieracium, Scott was awarded an MBE for his conservation efforts in 1996. Although it

Hieracium cambricogothicum, the Llanfairfechan hawkweed, is an endemic British plant species within the family Asteraceae. It was first described by Herbert William Pugsley in 1948, who had found the species growing in walls in Llanfairfechan, Caernarfonshire, Wales. The species was subsequently also identified in Moray and Kent, although doubt exists around the identification of these occurrences. Searches in 2004 and 2006 found no evidence for the species in any area in which the species has been found, and no living examples, seeds or plant material are known to exist in any collection.

Hedlundia scannelliana, commonly known as Scannell's whitebeam, is a species of shrub or tree endemic to Ross Island near Killarney in southwest Ireland. It is one of the rarest tree species in the world; only five individual plants are known.

Hedlundia pseudomeinichii, known as false rowan and Catacol whitebeam, is a rare species of tree endemic to the Isle of Arran in south-western Scotland. It is believed to have arisen as a hybrid of the native European rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) and the cut-leaved whitebeam (Hedlundia pseudofennica) which is in turn a rowan/Arran whitebeam (Hedlundia arranensis) hybrid. Until 2020, only one living specimens of the Catacol whitebeam was known, at the time making it the rarest tree not only in Scotland, but joint rarest in the world with Wood's cycad. Another was recorded as a sapling, but is

Hedlundia leyana, commonly known as Ley's whitebeam, is a species of small tree which is endemic to two sites in southern Wales. It is thought to have arisen by hybridisation between the rowan and a member of genus Aria.

Hedlundia arranensis, sometimes referred to as the Scottish or Arran whitebeam, is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae. It is endemic to the island of Arran in Scotland.

Aria vexans, commonly known as bloody whitebeam, is a rare species of tree in the family Rosaceae. It is endemic to England and is found along the coast between Culbone in Somerset and an area just west of Trentishoe in Devon. It can be seen in the Exmoor National Park. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Aria porrigentiformis, commonly known as the grey-leafed whitebeam, is a species of whitebeam endemic to England and Wales.

Aria leighensis, commonly known as Leigh Woods whitebeam, is a rare species of whitebeam, a flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae. It is named after Leigh Woods in the Avon Gorge, where it is known. DNA analysis in the 2000s classified it as a triploid apomict from A. edulis × A. porrigentiformis.