Flora of Northern Africa

Abies numidica, the Algerian fir, is a species of fir found only in Algeria, where it is endemic on Djebel Babor, the second-highest mountain (2,004 m) in the Algerian Tell Atlas.

Euphorbia resinifera, the resin spurge, is a species of spurge native to Morocco, where it occurs on the slopes of the Atlas Mountains. The dried latex of the plant was used in ancient medicine. It contains resiniferatoxin, an extremely potent capsaicin analog tested as an analgesic since 1997.

Cupressus dupreziana, the Saharan cypress, or tarout, is a very rare coniferous tree native to the Tassili n'Ajjer mountains in the central Sahara desert, southeast Algeria, where it forms a unique population of trees hundreds of kilometres from any other trees. There are only 233 specimens of this endangered species, the largest about 22 m tall. The majority are estimated to be over 2000 years old, with very little regeneration due to the increasing desertification of the Sahara. Rainfall totals in the area are estimated to be about 30 mm annually. The largest one is named Tin-Balalan is

Aliella is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. described as a genus in 1986. The entire genus is endemic to Morocco.

Cupressus atlantica, the Moroccan cypress, is a rare coniferous tree endemic to the valley of the Oued n'Fiss river in the High Atlas Mountains south of Marrakech in western Morocco. The majority are old, with very little regeneration due to overgrazing by goats, and they are critically endangered. This species is distinct from the allied Cupressus sempervirens (Mediterranean cypress) in its much bluer foliage with a white resin spot on each leaf, the smaller shoots often being flattened in a single plane. It also has smaller, globose cones, only 1.5-2.5 cm long. Cupressus dupreziana (Saharan

Papaver atlanticum, also known as the Moroccan poppy, Spanish poppy, and Atlas poppy, is a species of poppy. It is a perennial plant with basal rosettes of bluish leaves and pale orange flowers on long, wiry stems.

Arbutus pavarii is a species of plant in the heath family. It is endemic to Libya's Jebel Akhdar range in coastal Cyrenaica.

Linaria maroccana is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common names Moroccan toadflax and annual toadflax. It is native to Morocco, but it can be found elsewhere growing wild as an introduced species, such as California. It is a readily available ornamental plant for the flower garden. This is an annual herb growing erect to approach a maximum height of 50 cm (20 in), its stem with linear leaves 2–4 cm (0.8–1.6 in) long. The inflorescence is a raceme of flowers occupying the top of the stem. At the base of each flower is a calyx with five narrow, pointed lobes.

Cyclamen rohlfsianum is a species of perennial plant in the family Primulaceae. It is endemic to Libya. It grows from a tuber in shrubland, especially in limestone cracks, up to 450 m (1,500 ft) above sea level. It is one of the tenderest cyclamen species. The plant was discovered by Friedrich Gerhard Rohlfs in 1879, and was named after him in 1897 by Paul Friedrich August Ascherson.

Linaria bipartita is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common name clovenlip toadflax. It is native to Morocco, but it can be found elsewhere as an introduced species and it is cultivated as an ornamental plant. It is an annual herb growing 10 to 30 centimeters tall with linear leaves 3 to 5 centimeters in length. The inflorescence is a raceme of flowers occupying the top of the stem. The flower is about 2 centimeters long with five lobes arranged into two lips with a spur at the end. The flower is often reddish purple in color, but flowers of many different

Ismelia carinata, the tricolour chrysanthemum, tricolor daisy, or annual chrysanthemum, is an ornamental plant native to north Africa that is cultivated as a garden plant and grows as a weed in California. It is the sole species in the genus Ismelia. It has been hybridized with related Argyranthemum species to create cultivars of garden marguerites.

Narcissus romieuxii is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is a distinctive, early-flowering daffodil with dark green rush-like foliage. The flowers have narrow perianth segments, while the trumpet is wide and flaring. It blooms in mid to late winter. There are many subspecies and cultivars, with flowers in many shades of white and yellow. It originated in the Atlas Mountains region of Morocco. The Latin specific epithet romieuxii honours the French botanist Henri Auguste Romieux (1857-1937). Narcissus romieuxii has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of

Narcissus albimarginatus is a species of the genus Narcissus (daffodils) in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is classified in Section Apodanthi , and is endemic to Morocco.

Mentha gattefossei is a plant species in the genus Mentha, endemic to the Atlas Mountains of Morocco. It was first described by French botanist René Maire in 1922. Harvested for its essential oil, M. gattefossei has seen use in traditional medicine, pest control and as a food seasoning.

Hannonia is a genus of plants in the Amaryllis family. It contains only one known species, Hannonia hesperidum, endemic to Morocco and confined to Western Morocco, Promontory of Hercules. The specific epithet comes from Greek έσπερος, of evening, as the flowers open in the late afternoon.

Sedum multiceps, also known as miniature/pygmy Joshua tree, is a perennial, deciduous species of Sedum from the succulent plant family Crassulaceae, native to Algeria. The plant is nicknamed for its glaucous leaves that grow in clusters, resembling Yucca brevifolia. It was named officially as a distinct species in 1862.

Paeonia algeriensis, also known as the Algerian peony, is a herbaceous species of peony that naturally occurs in the coastal mountain range of Algeria (Kabylie). It has solitary flowers with pink to magenta petals and one or two carpels per flower, that develop into follicles of about 5 cm long.

Narcissus broussonetii is a species of the genus Narcissus (daffodils) in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is classified in Section Aurelia. It is native to North Africa.

Salvia taraxacifolia is a species of flowering plant in the Lamiaceae family. It is referred to by the common name Dandelion leaved sage and is a herbaceous perennial shrub that is endemic to southwest Morocco, growing in the Atlas Mountains at elevations ranging from 2,000 feet (610 m) to 8,000 feet (2,400 m). Very adaptable, it grows on limestone slopes, forest clearings, and rocky riversides. It has no close allies in the genus Salvia. The specific epithet, taraxacifolia, is likely Persian in origin and means 'leaves shaped like a dandelion'. Salvia taraxacifolia has lyre-shaped grey-green

Nivellea is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae. The only species is Nivellea nivellei. It is native to Morocco. The genus name of Nivellea is in honour of Robert Nivelle (1856–1924), a French artillery general officer who served in the Boxer Rebellion, and the First World War. The Latin specific epithet of nivellei also refers to Robert Nivelle. Both the genus and the species were first described and published in Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. (London), Bot. Vol.23 on page 140 in 1993.

Euphorbia nereidum, called the nerium-leaved spurge, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Euphorbia, native to Morocco. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Agropyropsis is a monotypic genus of grasses closely related to Catapodium. It is native to the Batna Province in northeastern Algeria, and only contains a single species, Agropyropsis lolium. It once included a second species, Agropyropsis gracilis, which has since been renamed and moved to Lolium canariense.

Acis tingitana is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to northern Morocco. Rare in cultivation, it is not fully frost-hardy.

Salvia balansae a perennial plant species of the family Lamiaceae. It is native to Algeria.

Rhodanthemum hosmariense, the Moroccan daisy, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to the Atlas Mountains of Morocco. It is a bushy, prostrate subshrub growing to 30 cm (12 in) tall and broad, with deeply divided silvery leaves and solitary, daisy-like, composite flower-heads in summer. It is suitable for cultivation in an alpine garden or alpine house, where it is useful as groundcover. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Retama dasycarpa is a flowering bush species in the genus Retama, endemic to Morocco. It is locally known as "R'tem" or "Algu".

Iris rutherfordii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Xiphium. It is a bulbous perennial.

Heliocauta is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. There is only one known species, Heliocauta atlantica, native to Morocco.

Crocus boulosii is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus of the family Iridaceae. It is a cormous perennial native to Libya (Cyrenaica).

Artemisia mesatlantica, the blue mugwort, is a species of perennial shrub in the Asteraceae family. It is endemic to Morocco and has been classified by the Union International de Conservation de la Nature en Afrique du Nord (International Union of Nature Conservation in North Africa) as a rare and endangered species. Its essential oil has been extensively studied. Artemisia mesatlantica was described in 1928.