Flora of Southern South America

Jubaea is a genus of palms with one species, Jubaea chilensis, commonly known in English as the Chilean wine palm or Chile cocopalm, and palma chilena in Spanish. It is native to southwestern South America and is endemic to a small area of central Chile between 32°S and 35°S in southern Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Santiago, O'Higgins, and northern Maule regions. The extinct palm tree of Easter Island belonged to this genus as well. In 1991, the Easter Island palm was placed in its own genus, Paschalococos. However, this has not been widely accepted.

Quillaja saponaria, the soap bark tree or soapbark, is an evergreen tree in the family Quillajaceae, native to warm temperate central Chile. In Chile it occurs from 32 to 40° South Latitude approximately and at up to 2000 m (6500 ft) above sea level. It can grow to 15–20 m (50–65 ft) in height. The tree has thick, dark bark; smooth, leathery, shiny, oval evergreen leaves 3–5 cm long; white star-shaped flowers 15 mm in diameter borne in dense corymbs; and a dry fruit with five follicles each containing 10–20 seeds. The tree has several practical and commercial uses.

Gomortega keule (syn. G. nitida; Spanish names keule, queule, and hualhual) is a species of tree endemic to Chile. It is the sole species of the genus Gomortega and, according to the APG IV system of 2016 (unchanged from the APG systems of 2009, 2003 and 1998), of the monotypic family Gomortegaceae, assigned to the order Laurales in the clade magnoliids.

Lactoris fernandeziana is a flowering shrub endemic to the cloud forest of Masatierra – Robinson Crusoe Island, of the Juan Fernández Islands archipelago of Chile. It is the only extant species in the genus Lactoris.

Thyrsopteris is a genus of tree fern. It contains a single living species, Thyrsopteris elegans, endemic to the Juan Fernandez Archipelago off the coast of Chile. The oldest records of the genus are the species Thyrsopteris cretacea and Thyrsopteris cyathindusia which were described from the Burmese amber of Myanmar, dating to the Cenomanian of the Cretaceous period, around 99 million years ago. Other fossil species include Thyrsopteris antiqua from the Upper Cretaceous of Chile and Thyrsopteris shenii from the Paleogene of King George Island, Antarctica A thyrsopterid rachis is also known

Puya chilensis is a species of terrestrial bromeliad. It is endemic to central Chile.

Puya alpestris is a species of bromeliad endemic to the Chilean Andes. It is native to dry hills, rock outcrops in central and southern Chile at elevations of 0 to 2200 meters. It is one of the most southerly occurring species within the family. It is one of the few Puya species that are grown in some parks and gardens as an ornamental plant. It is more commonly known as the Sapphire Tower.

Gymnocalycium baldianum, the spider-cactus or dwarf chin cactus, is a species of flowering plant in the cactus family Cactaceae, native to the Catamarca Province in Argentina.

Nothofagus alessandrii, commonly known as the ruil, is a species of plant in the family Nothofagaceae, it is also known as the southern beeches. It is endemic to Chile, occurring chiefly in the Chilean matorral ecoregion. It is threatened by habitat loss. The species is protected within Los Ruiles National Reserve.

Gymnocalycium andreae is a species of Gymnocalycium from Argentina.

Denmoza is a monotypic genus of cactus with the sole species Denmoza rhodacantha, synonym Echinopsis rhodacantha, native to northwest Argentina.

Copiapoa cinerea is a species of plant in the genus Copiapoa in the family Cactaceae. The epithet cinerea comes from the Latin word for ash, by reference to the color of the epidermis.

Sophora fernandeziana is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, that is endemic to the Juan Fernández Islands of Chile. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Setiechinopsis is a monotypic genus of cacti. Its only species, Setiechinopsis mirabilis, is native to Argentina.

Porlieria chilensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Zygophyllaceae. It is endemic to Chile, where it is known as Guayacán and palo santo. It is a small tree or shrub, akin to other members of the genus which are all found in South America. It is distributed between the Coquimbo and O'Higgins Regions. An example occurrence of P. chilensis is in the arid forested area of central Chile, where it occurs in association with the endangered Chilean wine palm, Jubaea chilensis.

Podanthus is a genus of Chilean plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae. Species Podanthus mitiqui Lindl. - Chile (Coquimbo, Santiago, Maule, Valparaíso, O'Higgins) Podanthus ovatifolius Lag. - Chile (Biobío, Coquimbo, Maule, La Araucania, Valparaíso, O'Higgins)

Nothofagus nitida (Chiloé's coigue) is an evergreen tree, native to southern Chile and Argentina. It is found from latitude 40° S to Última Esperanza (53° S).

Gymnocalycium saglionis, the giant chin cactus, is a globular Gymnocalycium species endemic to northwest Argentina.

Gymnocalycium calochlorum is a species of Gymnocalycium from Argentina.

Gymnocalycium amerhauseri is a species of Gymnocalycium from Argentina.

Fuchsia lycioides or the Box-thorn Fuchsia is a species of Fuchsia found in Chile at elevations of 0 – 100 meters It is the only species in Section Kierschlegeria

Denmoza is a monotypic genus of cactus with the sole species Denmoza rhodacantha, synonym Echinopsis rhodacantha, native to northwest Argentina.

Citronella mucronata, the huillipatagua (Spanish pronunciation: [wiʝipaˈtaɣwa]), naranjillo, or Chilean citronella tree, is an evergreen tree in the family Cardiopteridaceae. It is endemic to Chile and grows in the Chilean matorral region of central Chile from 30º to 40° south latitude.

Alstroemeria kingii is a species of flowering plant in the family Alstroemeriaceae, native to north Chile.

Santalum fernandezianum, also known as the Chile sandalwood, was a species of plant in the Santalaceae family. It was endemic to the Juan Fernández Islands off the coast of Chile. Last seen in 1908 by Carl Skottsberg, the species was cut to extinction for its aromatic wood.

Rebutia minuscula is a species of cactus from South America found in northern Argentina and Bolivia. It is the type species of the genus Rebutia. As its synonym Rebutia senilis it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Its cultivars 'Krainziana', 'Marsoneri' and 'Violaciflora' are also listed as having gained the Award of Garden Merit. The status of the species of Rebutia is currently uncertain; indeed the genus as defined by Anderson (2001) has been shown to be polyphyletic. Anderson describes R. minuscula as consisting of globe-shaped stems with a diameter of up

Parodia chrysacanthion, the golden powder puff, is a species of cactus in the genus Parodia, native to northwest Argentina. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Nothofagus glauca, commonly known as hualo or roble Maulino, is a species of plant in the family Nothofagaceae. It is a deciduous tree endemic to Chile. It grows from 34° to 37° South latitude. It is a typical tree of the maritime mediterranean-climate Maulino forest of Central Chile, its current range spanning over 330 km from north to south. The species grows on a variety of soils and is mostly found on gentle to steep slopes.

Nierembergia veitchii is a species of plant in the family Solanaceae. The species is commonly called the trailing cup plant. The species is found in north eastern parts of Argentina. The plant can cause rapid hypercalcemia and widespread metastatic calcification.

Moscharia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae native to central Chile. It has two accepted species. Moscharia pinnatifida Ruiz & Pav. Moscharia solbrigii Crisci