Flora of Bermuda

Juniperus bermudiana is a species of juniper endemic to Bermuda. This species is most commonly known as Bermuda cedar, but is also referred to as Bermuda juniper (Bermudians refer to it simply as cedar). Historically, this tree formed woodland that covered much of Bermuda. Settlers cleared part of the forest and the tree was used for many purposes including building construction and was especially prized for shipbuilding. Scale insects introduced during the Second World War construction of United States airbases in Bermuda devastated the forests, killing over 99% of the species (an event

Sabal bermudana, commonly known as the Bermuda palmetto or bibby-tree, is one of 15 species of palm trees in the genus Sabal and is endemic to Bermuda although reportedly naturalized in the Leeward Islands. It was greatly affected by the introduction of non-native plants such as the Chinese fan palm, which created competition for space that it usually lost.

Sisyrinchium bermudiana, known as Bermudiana or, along with other members of the genus, as blue-eyed grass, is a flower of the genus Sisyrinchium (of the Iris family) that is native to the Atlantic archipelago, and British Overseas Territory, of Bermuda and the island of Ireland. The plant appears and blooms in the spring. It is used as a national flower by Bermudians, and appears in art, jewellery, banknotes and elsewhere.

Carex bermudiana, the Bermuda sedge, is a sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is endemic to the islands of Bermuda. It is found on damp forest floors and in peat marshes and has become extremely rare. The Bermuda sedge was listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in November 2014 with Endangered status. This species is listed on the Bermuda Protected Species Act.

Adiantum bellum (Bermuda maidenhair fern) is a species of fern in the family Pteridaceae, and is native to Bermuda. It is 1 of 19 ferns native to Bermuda, the only native maidenhair, and the most prolific fern on the island. It is found only on Bermuda; however, the IPNI reports it also found in Guiana.

Diplazium laffanianum, or Governor Laffan's fern, is a species of fern endemic to Bermuda. It is listed as extinct in the wild. It is named after Sir Robert Laffan who sent a living plant to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in 1880. The fern was found in the mouths of caves and rock crevices until 1905. 1905 was the last time Diplazium laffanianum was seen in the wild. In 2002, the spores were sent to the United States to propagate. After propagation, they were sent back to Bermuda from 2009 to 2019. In 2014, a re-introduction programme began using the zoo-raised ferns. As of 2021, there are

Elaeodendron laneanum, commonly known as the Bermuda olivewood, is a species of tree in the family Celastraceae that is endemic to Bermuda. It is considered an endangered species.

Passiflora pectinata is a species of flowering plant native to the West Indies.

Casasia clusiifolia, also called the sevenyear apple, is a species of plant belonging to the family Rubiaceae. It is common in Florida. It is native to the Bahamas, Bermuda, Cuba, and south Florida.

Casasia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. These shrubs or small trees occur on the Caribbean islands and in one case (Seven-year Apple, C. clusiifolia) in Florida. Some of the ten accepted species were formerly placed elsewhere, e.g. in the related genip-tree genus (Genipa), in Gardenia or in Randia.

Psychotria ligustrifolia, the Bahama wild coffee, is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to Florida, Puerto Rico, and the Bahamas.

Baccharis glomeruliflora, commonly known as silverling, is a species of shrub in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the coastal plain of the south-eastern United States, from Mississippi to North Carolina. Baccharis glomeruliflora is a shrub up to 300 cm (10 feet) tall. It has thick, leathery, evergreen leaves with large teeth, and flower heads clumped together in the axils of the leaves. It grows in swamps, hammocks, riverbanks, and other wet habitats.

Trema lamarckianum, Lamarck's trema, West Indian nettle tree, or pain-in-the-back is a plant species in the genus Trema of the family Cannabaceae. It is a small evergreen shrub that is native of Florida and the West Indies. It has several common names such as pain-in-back, cabrilla and Lamarck trema. It is 6 m tall growing all year.

Oenothera humifusa, the seabeach evening primrose or spreading evening primrose, is a species of flowering plant in the family Onagraceae. It is native to the beaches of Bermuda and the eastern United States from Louisiana to New Jersey, and it has been introduced to Cuba. It is a decumbent perennial.

Yucca aloifolia is the type species for the genus Yucca. Common names include aloe yucca, dagger plant, and Spanish bayonet. It grows in sandy soils, especially on sand dunes along the coast.

Juncus roemerianus is a species of flowering plant in the rush family known by the common names needlegrass rush, black rush, needlerush, black needlerush and Roemer's rush. It is native to North America, where its main distribution lies along the coastline of the southeastern United States, including the Gulf Coast. It occurs from New Jersey to Texas, with outlying populations in Connecticut, New York, Mexico, and certain Caribbean islands.

Furcraea hexapetala is a semi-succulent mesocaul or pachycaul rarely branching shrub bearing a large panicle of six-petaled flowers on a peduncle up to 7 m (23 ft) length. Besides flowers and fruit, the 2 m (6 ft 7 in) panicle also produces bulbils (a form of asexual reproduction. The species is found in south eastern Mexico, Ecuador and parts of the Caribbean.

Galium bermudense, commonly known as Bermuda bedstraw, is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to Bermuda, the Bahamas, and the south-eastern United States (all the coastal states from Texas to New Jersey). It has been observed growing in habitat types such as dry sandy forests, sandhills, maritime forests, and longleaf pine systems.

Forestiera segregata is a species of flowering plant in the olive family known by the common names Florida privet, Florida swampprivet, and southern privet. It is native to the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, including Puerto Rico and the Cayman Islands, the Lesser Antilles, including Anguilla, and Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina in the United States. This plant is a shrub or small tree growing up to three to seven meters tall. The gray or brownish twigs have lenticels. The leaves are widely lance-shaped, oval, or spatula-shaped with narrowed bases. They are up to 5 to 7 centimeters long.

Dichondra carolinensis, commonly known as Carolina ponysfoot, is a small herbaceous plant native to Bermuda and the south-eastern United States.

Gamochaeta antillana, the delicate everlasting, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the Greater Antilles and to the southeastern United States (from Florida to Louisiana). It has also become naturalized in other places (South America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Texas, California, the Carolinas, etc.). Gamochaeta antillana is an annual herb up to 40 cm (16 in) tall, producing a taproot. Leaves are up to 4 cm (1.6 in) long. The plant forms many small flower heads in elongated arrays and also in tightly packed clumps. Each head contains 3–5 purple disc

Zanthoxylum flavum is a medium-sized tree in the family Rutaceae. Common names include noyer, West Indian satinwood, yellow sanders, tembetaria, and yellow sandalwood. It is native to Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Bermuda, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and the Florida Keys, exclusive of Key West where it has been extirpated. It is threatened by habitat loss and harvesting for its dense, durable wood used in fine woodworking.

Callicarpa americana, commonly called the American beautyberry, is an open-habitat, native shrub of the Southern United States which is often grown as an ornamental in gardens and yards. American beautyberries produce large clusters of purple berries, which birds and deer eat, thus distributing the seeds.

Borrichia arborescens is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name tree seaside tansy. It is native to the Yucatán Peninsula, Cuba, Jamaica, Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Bermuda, the Florida Keys, and other islands in the region. It is found on rocky and sandy coasts, in both beaches and marshes. Borrichia arborescens produces yellow flower heads in late spring and summer. Despite its common name, it is only a shrub reaching heights of 5 feet (150 cm). Hybrids with Borrichia frutescens are known where the two species come into contact.

Spiranthes torta, the Southern ladies’ tresses, is a terrestrial orchid native to Florida, Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean Islands and Bermuda.

Passiflora incarnata, commonly known as maypop, purple passionflower, true passionflower, wild apricot, and wild passion vine, is a fast-growing perennial vine with climbing or trailing stems. A member of the passionflower genus Passiflora, the maypop has large, intricate flowers with prominent styles and stamens. One of the hardiest species of passionflower, it is both found as a wildflower in the southern United States and in cultivation for its edible fruit and striking bluish purple blooms.

Aristolochia trilobata, commonly known as contribo or Bejuco de Santiago, is a perennial herb in the Dutchman's pipe family Aristolochiaceae. A.trilobata is endemic to the Caribbean and is found in both Central America and South America.

Tournefortia gnaphalodes, the sea lavender, bay lavender, sea rosemary, iodine bush, or beach heliotrope, is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae. It is native to Florida, Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, Bermuda, northeastern Colombia, and Venezuela. A semi‑succulent evergreen shrub reaching 5 ft (1.5 m), it is typically found in coastal areas. Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental, it is often used for dune stabilization.

Eugenia axillaris, the white stopper, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is native to central and southern Florida, the Caribbean, Bermuda, eastern Mexico, and Central America. An evergreen shrub or tree reaching 20 to 30 ft (6 to 9 m) but often shorter, it is typically found in partly shady coastal hammocks and other sandy areas.

Eupatorium capillifolium, or dog fennel (also written "dogfennel"), is a North American perennial herbaceous plant in the family Asteraceae, native to the eastern and south-central United States. It is generally between 50 cm and 2 meters tall with several stems that fork from a substantial base. The stems and base are covered in leaves so dissected that they resemble branching green threads coming out of the stem in fractal patterns. When crushed, the leaves have a sour odor similar to dill pickles. The flowers have a subtle floral odor.