Flora of Bolivia

The peanut (Arachis hypogaea), also known as the groundnut, goober (US, via Kikongo), goober pea, pindar (US, via Kikongo) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds, contained in underground pods. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics by small and large commercial producers, both as a grain legume and as an oil crop. Underground fruiting (geocarpy) is atypical among legumes, which led botanist Carl Linnaeus to name the species hypogaea, from Greek 'under the earth'. The peanut belongs to the flowering plant family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), commonly

Calliandra haematocephala, the red powder puff, is a species of flowering plants of the genus Calliandra in the family Fabaceae native to Bolivia. In its native habitat it typically grows to about 3–4.5 m (10–15 ft) tall and is widely cultivated as an ornamental flowering shrub in warm climates, where it can grow outdoors year-round.

Parajubaea torallyi, commonly known as the palma de Pasobaya or Bolivian mountain coconut, is a species of evergreen flowering plant of genus Parajubaea, in the family Arecaceae, closely related to the coconut palm in the tribe Cocoseae. It is endemic to Bolivia, where it grows in dry forests on steep rocky slopes at 2,400–3,400 metres (7,900–11,200 ft) in altitude. In its native habitat, due to high altitude, low night temperatures often drop to a range of -3C to -9C during local winter time (July, August), with considerable temperature spans between day and night and practically no

Cleistocactus strausii, the silver torch or wooly torch, is a perennial flowering plant in the family Cactaceae.

Magnolia boliviana is a tree in the family Magnoliaceae native to the rainforests of the eastern Andean foothills of Bolivia.

Yungasocereus is a monotypic genus of cactus containing one species, Yungasocereus inquisivensis.

Samaipaticereus corroanus is a species of cactus in the subtribe Trichocereinae, native to Bolivia and Peru. Along with Cleistocactus inquisivensis, Cleistocactus corroanus has been placed in the genus Samaipaticereus. A 2023 molecular phylogenetic study led to Cleistocactus being expanded to include Samaipaticereus, among other genera. The expansion is accepted by Plants of the World Online as of March 2025.

Echinopsis lageniformis, synonyms including Echinopsis scopulicola and Trichocereus bridgesii, is a cactus native to Bolivia. It is known as the Bolivian torch cactus. Among the indigenous populations of Bolivia, it is sometimes called achuma or wachuma, although these names are also applied to related species such as Trichocereus macrogonus which are also used for their psychedelic effects.

Capsicum cardenasii is a plant species in the genus Capsicum and the family Solanaceae. It is a diploid with 2n=2x=24. It is a member within the C. pubescens complex, a group of closely related Capsicum species. It is closely related to C. eximium. It is native to the Andes, and it can be found in Bolivia and Peru. The native name is ulupica.

Victoria boliviana, or the Bolivian waterlily is a species of aquatic plant within the genus Victoria in the family Nymphaeaceae. It is the newest described species of the genus and its largest member in size and was officially identified in 2022. In January 2023, the species was awarded three Guinness World Record titles for world's largest waterlily species, world's largest waterlily leaf and world's largest undivided leaf, with the latter two specifically recognising a specimen grown in 2012 at La Rinconada Gardens in Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

Cleistocactus winteri is a succulent of the family Cactaceae. Its common name is the golden rat tail. Cleistocactus colademononis, which has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit, is sometimes considered to be a subspecies, Cleistocactus winteri subsp. colademono.

Weingartia cintia is a small alpine cactus native to the high Andes of Bolivia. The plant was discovered by Karel Kníže in 1969 at an elevation of 4,000 m (13,000 ft) near Otavi, in Potosí Department, Bolivia. However, it was not formally described until 1996 by Jan Říha. The species epithet refers to the town of Cinti in Chuquisaca Department. A solitary plant, it is green, globose, and around 3–5 cm in diameter. The tuberous carrot-like roots grow up to 10 cm long. The areoles are sunken between the podaria and are woolly, with no spines. The yellow flowers occur on the stem tip and are 3–4

Parajubaea sunkha is a species of palm tree. It is endemic to Bolivia, South America. Its common names include Sunkha palm and palma de Zunkha. This palm grows in valley in the Andes at elevations of 1700 to 2500 meters. It is part of the forest canopy. Rodents disperse the seeds. It easily regenerates in its natural habitat, but not when it is disturbed. Fiber from the leaf axils is harvested for use in rope and mattresses. The leaves and fruits are fed to livestock.

Neoraimondia herzogiana is a tree-like cactus (family Cactaceae) native to Bolivia.

Cleistocactus tominensis is a species of columnar cactus in the genus Cleistocactus, endemic to Bolivia, where it is found in forests, on cliffs, and in inter-Andean valleys at altitudes of 900 to 2,200 meters.

Aylostera albopectinata is a species of Aylostera from Bolivia.

Aa trilobulata is an orchid in the genus Aa. It is found throughout Bolivia.

Aa sphaeroglossa is a species of orchid in the genus Aa. It is endemic to Bolivia, where it grows at altitudes of 3,300 to 3,800 metres (10,827 to 12,467 feet).

Aa microtidis is a species of orchid in the genus Aa. It was described by Rudolf Schlechter in 1922. The type specimen was collected from rock outcroppings at Puna Patanca, Tarija, Bolivia. Schlechter found that it resembled Aa calceata, but with much smaller flowers.

Weingartia arenacea, the arenaceous crown cactus, is a species of cactus native to central Bolivia. It has been renamed Weingartia arenacea. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Tillandsia edithae is a cliff dwelling caulescent species from Bolivia which has a beautiful red flowered inflorescence when in bud. Tillandsia edithae is one of the few tillandsias to have coral coloured flowers. It produces a lot of adventitious offsets along the base of the stem. These flowers are quite rare.

Parodia columnaris is a species of cactus in the subfamily Cactoideae. It is endemic to Bolivia. It was described in 1951 by Martín Cárdenas.

Inga pallida is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Bolivia.

Harrisia tetracantha is a species of cactus found in Bolivia.

Frailea chiquitana is a species of Frailea from Bolivia.

Bulbophyllum bolivianum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum found in Bolivia at elevations around 1524 meters.

Bulbophyllum amazonicum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.

Salvia oxyphora is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant that is endemic to the foothills and lower eastern slopes of the Andes in Bolivia. It is found growing in disturbed rocky slopes above streams in moist subtropical forest at 300 to 2,200 m (980 to 7,220 ft) elevation. It is widespread from the Peruvian border, in the Andean cordillera, to the Santa Cruz area. The plant apparently needs disturbed ground to become established, as it is not found growing in undisturbed areas. In spite of its wide distribution, distinct populations tend to be very small, typically only one to ten plants.

Inga approximata is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Bolivia.

Inga amboroensis is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Bolivia.