Flora of Bulgaria

Rheum rhaponticum, the false rhubarb, rhapontic rhubarb or rhapontic, is a plant species in the genus Rheum found in the wild. It is the only Rheum species found only in Europe, and is now restricted to the Rila mountain range in south-western Bulgaria. It was introduced to other countries in Europe. It is considered to be one of the parents of the modern culinary rhubarb.

Primula deorum, also known as Rila primrose, Rila cowslip or God's cowslip, is a flowering dicot plant of the genus Primula in the family Primulaceae. This alpine plant is endemic to roughly 63 km2 (24 sq mi) above the tree-line (especially around 2,200 metres (7,220 ft) in the Rila mountains in Bulgaria, where it grows in small groups in acid, boggy soil near streams and pools and in boggy soil. Its elongate green leaves form rosettes. The blooms are red-purple, borne in asymmetrical umbels high above the leaves. This plant has survived the last glacial period as a relict organism. It is

Primula frondosa, the leafy primrose (Bulgarian: Старопланинска иглика), is a species of flowering plant in the family Primulaceae, native to the Balkans. It inhabits shady spots in a small region of the central Balkan Mountains range in Bulgaria, where it is found at altitudes from 800 to 2,200 m (2,620 to 7,220 ft). Its populations are situated within the boundaries of the Central Balkan National Park and the nature reserves Sokolna, Dzhendema and Stara Reka. Growing to 27 cm (11 in) tall by 10 cm (3.9 in) broad, it is a short-lived herbaceous perennial with a rosette of leaves surrounding

Fritillaria skorpili is a European plant species in the lily family Liliaceae, native to Bulgaria.

Pirinia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. The only species is Pirinia koenigii. It is a perennial endemic to the Pirin mountain range of southwestern Bulgaria.

Chamaecytisus frivaldszkyanus is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. The species is endemic to Bulgaria, where it is found in several locations in the Danubian Plain, the Balkan Mountains, the Upper Thracian Plain and the Rhodope Mountains.

Quercus protoroburoides, the Rila oak (Bulgarian: рилски дъб), is a deciduous species of oak endemic to the Rila Mountains of southwestern Bulgaria. Within Rila, the species is distributed only in five localities on steep, rocky south-facing slopes of the Rilska River valley, at the tree line between 1,500 to 1,750 metres (4,920 to 5,740 feet) above sea level. The Rila oak was first discovered in 1968 and officially accepted as a distinct species in 2017. Quercus protoroburoides grows scattered or in small groups, higher than the local sessile oak (Quercus petraea) or fir-beech forests. In

Oxytropis kozhuharovii is a species of flowering plant in the legume family endemic to Bulgaria, where it is restricted to the Pirin mountain range. There, it is found at altitudes of 2,550–2,700 m in a single locality, the Yavorov anticline in Bayuvi Dupki–Dzhindzhiritsa Nature Reserve of Pirin National Park. Unlike the other Oxytropis species endemic to Pirin, Oxytropis urumovii, Oxytropis kozhuharovii is a tetraploid and is also the only Bulgarian Oxytropis with blue or purple flowers, the others being yellow. Its most distinctive feature is the indumentum of the calyx, particularly the

Arabis procurrens var. ferdinandi-coburgi is a variety of flowering plant in the genus Arabis belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It was first described as Arabis ferdinandi-coburgi in 1903 by Johann Kellerer and Franz Sündermann, and was named after Tsar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria. The stem of the plant is 6–12 cm high. The inflorescence is apical and racemose, and white in colour. Petals reach a length of 7–9 mm and have an oblong obovate shape. The fruits are bare linear pods, the seeds are brown. Arabis ferdinandi-coburgii blooms in June–July, fruiting in August–September. It is pollinated

Lathyrus sativus, also known as grass pea, cicerchia, blue sweet pea, chickling pea, chickling vetch, Indian pea, white pea and white vetch, is a legume (family Fabaceae) commonly grown for human consumption and livestock feed in Asia and East Africa. It is a particularly important crop in areas that are prone to drought and famine, and is thought of as an 'insurance crop' as it produces reliable yields when all other crops fail. The seeds contain a neurotoxin that causes lathyrism, a neurodegenerative disease, if eaten as a primary protein source for a prolonged period.

Lilium rhodopeum is a European species of plants in the lily family. It is endemic to the Rhodopi Mountains of Bulgaria and Greece, where it is found in alpine meadows and on mountain slopes. It is as critically endangered and listed as an IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) red list threatened species. This Balkan endemic can be found in Bulgaria and Greece where it is native to the Rhodopi mountains from which it takes it name.

Dianthus nardiformis is a species of herbaceous perennial plant in the genus Dianthus. It is endemic to the Carpathian Mountains.

Haberlea is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae. The only member of this genus, Haberlea rhodopensis, is endemic to parts of Bulgaria and a small part of northern Greece, especially in the Rhodope Mountains. Common names include Orpheus flower and resurrection plant because of the remarkable ability of Haberlea to survive very long periods of desiccation. The species is a stemless, evergreen perennial found in north-facing rocky habitats. Basal rosettes of dark green leaves bear trumpet-shaped flowers in shades of white, violet or purple in spring and summer.

Haberlea is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae. The only member of this genus, Haberlea rhodopensis, is endemic to parts of Bulgaria and a small part of northern Greece, especially in the Rhodope Mountains. Common names include Orpheus flower and resurrection plant because of the remarkable ability of Haberlea to survive very long periods of desiccation. The species is a stemless, evergreen perennial found in north-facing rocky habitats. Basal rosettes of dark green leaves bear trumpet-shaped flowers in shades of white, violet or purple in spring and summer.

Fritillaria drenovskii is a rare European species of plants in the lily family, native to Blagoevgrad Province in southwestern Bulgaria where it is found it the mountain ranges of Pirin and Slavyanka, as well as northeastern Greece. The species is listed as "vulnerable" by the IUCN Red List. It is included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria.

Campanula lanata, the woolly bellflower, is a biennial herb belonging to the family Campanulaceae.

Scilla bithynica, the Turkish squill, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Scilla, native to Bulgaria and Turkey. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Gypsophila petraea is a species of the genus Gypsophila in the plant family Caryophyllaceae. Endemic to the Eastern Carpathians and Southern Carpathians, Romania.

Aquilegia aurea is a perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae native to Bulgaria and small areas of North Macedonia and Greece.

Peridictyon is a genus of grass with a single species, Peridictyon sanctum, native to southern Bulgaria and northern Greece.

Hypericum calycinum is a species of prostrate or low-growing shrub in the flowering plant family Hypericaceae. It is native to the Strandzha Mountains along the Bulgarian and Turkish Black Sea coast. Widely cultivated for its large yellow flowers, its names as a garden plant include rose-of-Sharon in Britain and Australia, and Aaron's beard, great St-John's wort, creeping St. John's wort and Jerusalem star.

Trachystemon is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae. The only species is Trachystemon orientalis, commonly known as Abraham-Isaac-Jacob or early-flowering borage. Its native range is Bulgaria to Turkey. It is a perennial herb of the family Boraginaceae. It is frequently grown as an ornamental for its early blue-violet flowers and large leaves. It quickly spreads to provide a dense groundcover. "Trachystemon" is derived from the Greek "trachys", meaning rough, and "stemon", a stamen. The specific epithet, "orientalis" means eastern or from the orient, and

Sideritis scardica is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. Commonly known as Greek mountain tea, it is a flowering plant species of Sideritis, native to Albania, Bulgaria, Greece (particularly in the area of Mount Olympus), Kosovo, and North Macedonia. It was first described in 1844.

Tulipa hungarica, the Hungarian tulip, Danube tulip, Banat tulip or Rhodope tulip, is a species of flowering plant in the family Liliaceae. It is also in the subgenus Tulipa. It is found on the rocky mountainsides of Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary and Slovenia, especially along the gorges of the river Danube. It has small bright yellow flowers in spring and blue-grey leaves.

Geum bulgaricum is a species of flowering plant of the genus Geum (avens) in the family Rosaceae. A perennial herbaceous plant, it has small, bell-like yellow flowers, and is native to a few mountains on the Balkan Peninsula. It is found throughout the range of the Accursed Mountains that span the borders between Albania, Montenegro and Kosovo, in the mountain of Kunora e Lurës in eastern Albania, on Sinjajevina and Žijovo/Kučke Planine in Montenegro, the mountains of Prenj, Čvrsnica and Čabulja in southern Bosnia and Herzegovina, and in Bulgaria's Rila mountain. It grows in the alpine and

Allium melanantherum is a species of plant in the amaryllis family and is native to Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, North Macedonia and Croatia.

Stefanoffia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. It is native to Bulgaria and Greece in southeastern Europe and in Turkey. The genus name of Stefanoffia is in honour of Boris Stefanoff (1894–1979), a Bulgarian botanist and curator at the herbarium of Sofia University. It was first described and published in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem Vol.9 on page 282 in 1925. Known species, according to Kew: Stefanoffia daucoides (Boiss.) H.Wolff Stefanoffia insoluta Kljuykov

Veronica turrilliana (Bulgarian: Търилово великденче) is a species of speedwell in the family Plantaginaceae, endemic to the Strandzha mountain range in south-eastern Bulgaria and north-western Turkey. It is included in the Red Book of Bulgaria as an endangered species. and is categorized as data deficient by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It was described in 1923 by the Bulgarian botanists Nikolai Stojanov and Boris Stefanoff.

Trachystemon is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae. The only species is Trachystemon orientalis, commonly known as Abraham-Isaac-Jacob or early-flowering borage. Its native range is Bulgaria to Turkey. It is a perennial herb of the family Boraginaceae. It is frequently grown as an ornamental for its early blue-violet flowers and large leaves. It quickly spreads to provide a dense groundcover. "Trachystemon" is derived from the Greek "trachys", meaning rough, and "stemon", a stamen. The specific epithet, "orientalis" means eastern or from the orient, and

Oxytropis urumovii is a species of flowering plant in the legume family endemic to Bulgaria, where it is restricted to the Pirin mountain range. There, it is found at altitudes of 2,500–2,800 m in the cirques of Malkia and Golemiya Kazan and the summits of Vihren (2,914 m), Banski Suhodol (2,884 m), Razlozhki Suhodol (2,728 m) and Kamenititsa (2,726 m) in the protected areas of Pirin National Park and Bayuvi Dupki–Dzhindzhiritsa Nature Reserve. Oxytropis urumovii is distinctive compared to the other Balkan species of Oxytropis, with a semi-bilocular or almost completely bilocular legume. The