Flora of South Brazil

Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri, synonyms Schlumbergera gaertneri and Hatiora gaertneri, is a species of epiphytic cactus which belongs to the tribe Rhipsalideae within the subfamily Cactoideae of the Cactaceae. Together with the hybrid with R. rosea, Rhipsalidopsis × graeseri, it is known, in English speaking countries in the Northern Hemisphere, as Easter cactus or Whitsun cactus and is a widely cultivated ornamental plant. It has received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Parodia leninghausii is a species of South American cactus commonly found as a houseplant. Common names include lemon ball cactus, golden ball cactus and yellow tower cactus. Botanist Karl Moritz Schumann named it after Wilhelm Lenninghaus (1845-1918), a native of North Rhine-Westphalia who, in the 1880s, left his hometown of Ennepetal and emigrated to Porto Alegre, Brazil, where he became Guillermo Lenninghaus, and collected cacti for the German grower Haage. Parodia leninghausii is native to northeast Rio Grande do Sul in the south of Brazil. In those regions, winter nights are cold, with a

Terminalia reitzii is a species of plant in the Combretaceae family. It is endemic to Brazil, growing primarily in seasonally dry tropical forests in the southern part of the country. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Gomesa micropogon is a species of orchid endemic to southeastern Brazil.

Anathallis guimaraensii is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is endemic to South Brazil.

Tillandsia montana is a species of plant in the genus Tillandsia. This species is endemic to Brazil. The Latin specific epithet montana refers to mountains or coming from mountains.

Sebastiania argutidens is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It was described in 1912.

Dyckia cabrerae is a plant species in the genus Dyckia. This species is endemic to Brazil.

Sellocharis paradoxa is a species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. It is native to southern Brazil and is the only member of the genus Sellocharis.

Sebastiania rotundifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It was described in 1912. It is native to southern Brazil.

Raulinoa is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rutaceae. It only contains one known species, Raulinoa echinata R.S.Cowan Its native range is southern Brazil. The genus name of Raulinoa is in honour of Raulino Reitz (1919–1990), a Brazilian clergyman, historian, botanist, and botanical garden director. The Latin specific epithet of echinata refers to hedgehog, from echinus. It was first described and published in Sendtnera Vol.12 on page 90 in 1960.

Peperomia tenuissima is a species of epiphyte in the genus Peperomia found in Brazil. It primarily grows on wet tropical biomes. Its conservation status is Threatened.

Morsacanthus is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Acanthaceae. The only species is Morsacanthus nemoralis Rizzini. It is native to southern Brazil. The genus name of Morsacanthus is in honour of Walter Baptist Mors (1920–2008), a Brazilian chemist who researched useful plants. The Latin specific epithet of nemoralis means coming from the forest. Both genus and species were first described and published in Revista Brasil. Biol. Vol.12 on page 261 in 1952.

Microbriza is a genus of grasses. It includes two species native to southern Brazil. Microbriza brachychaete (Ekman) Parodi ex Nicora & Rúgolo Microbriza poomorpha (J.Presl) Parodi ex Nicora & Rúgolo

Calyptraemalva is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malvaceae. It contains a single species, Calyptraemalva catharinensis, a shrub native to Santa Catarina state in southern Brazil.

Acianthera albopurpurea is a species of orchid plant native to Brazil.

Rhipsalidopsis is a small genus of flowering plant in the family Cactaceae, native to southern Brazil. Like other members of the tribe Rhipsalideae, its species are epiphytes, growing on trees.

Myrciaria silveirana is a species of plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is endemic to Brazil.

Cambajuva is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Poaceae. It contains a single species, Cambajuva ulei, a bamboo native to southern Brazil.

Tropidococcus pinnatipartitus is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is an annual endemic to southern Brazil. The species was first described as Malva pinnatipartita in 1842 by Augustin Saint-Hilaire and Charles Victor Naudin. In 2003 Antonio Krapovickas placed it in the new monotypic genus Tropidococcus as Tropidococcus pinnatipartitus.

Pseudalbizzia burkartiana is a species of tree in the family Fabaceae.

Delairea aparadensis is a species of plant in the family Asteraceae that is native to Brazil and was described in 2021.

Gunnera manicata, known as Brazilian giant-rhubarb, giant rhubarb, or dinosaur food is a species of flowering plant in the family Gunneraceae from the coastal Serra do Mar Mountains of Santa Catarina, Parana and Rio Grande do Sul States, Brazil. In cultivation, the name G. manicata has regularly been wrongly applied to the hybrid with G. tinctoria, G. × cryptica.

Pabstia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae.

Constantia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains 6 known species, all endemic to Brazil: Constantia australis (Cogn.) Porto & Brade - Santa Catarina Constantia cipoensis Porto & Brade - Minas Gerais Constantia cristinae F.E.L.Miranda - Minas Gerais Constantia gutfreundiana Chiron & V.P.Castro - Minas Gerais Constantia microscopica F.E.L.Miranda - Minas Gerais Constantia rupestris Barb.Rodr. - Rio de Janeiro

Parodia magnifica is a species of flowering plant in the family Cactaceae, native to southern Brazil. One of several species called ball cactus, it is also called balloon cactus. It grows to 7–15 cm (3–6 in) tall by 45 cm (18 in) broad, with heavily ribbed, spherical to columnar, spiny and hairy stems, bearing pale yellow flowers in summer. Its natural habitat is cool, dry temperate grassland at elevations of up to 800 m (2,600 ft). Populations are sparse and fragmented, and it has been designated as "Endangered" by the IUCN Red List. In cultivation it must be kept above 10 °C (50 °F), so in

Callianthe darwinii is a shrub typically growing 2 m tall, native to Paraná and Santa Catarina states in southern Brazil. The flowers are pink.

Butia eriospatha is a small species of Butia palm endemic to the highlands of southern Brazil. It is very similar to B. odorata, but is easily distinguished from this species by the distinct spathes which are densely covered in rust-coloured, woolly hairs. Indeed, the specific epithet is derived from Greek ἔριον, wool, and Latin spatha, which refers to the spathe. It has been given the name woolly jelly palm (UK) or wooly jelly palm (US) in English. Vernacular names for it where it is native are butiá-da-serra, butiázeiro, butiá-veludo, butiá butiá verdadeiro, butiá-do-campo, yatáy and

Mangonia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. The genus contains only two known species native to southern Brazil and Uruguay. Mangonia tweedieana Schott. - Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguay Mangonia uruguaya (Hicken) Bogner - Cerro Largo in Uruguay

Gyptidium is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Species Gyptidium militare (B.L.Rob.) R.M.King & H.Rob. - Argentina (Formosa + Chaco Provinces) Gyptidium trichobasis (Baker) R.M.King & H.Rob. - Brazil (States of Paraná + Santa Catarina)