Flora of Cyprus

Quercus alnifolia, commonly known as the golden oak, is an evergreen oak species of Cyprus. Its common English name refers to the golden coloured lower surface of its leaves. Quercus alnifolia belongs to the endemic flora of the island and it is confined to the igneous geological complex of the Troodos Mountains. In February 2006, the parliament of Cyprus selected the golden oak to be the country's national tree.

Cyclamen cyprium (Cyprus cyclamen) is a species of flowering plant in the family Primulaceae. It is a perennial growing from a tuber, native to woodland at 300–1,200 m (980–3,940 ft) elevation in the mountains of Cyprus. It is the national flower. Cyclamen persicum and Cyclamen graecum are also found on Cyprus, but are not endemic.

Arabis kennedyae, the Troodos rockcress, is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. It is endemic to Cyprus. Its natural habitat is Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Tulipa cypria, the Cyprus tulip, is a tulip, an erect perennial bulbous herb, 15–40 cm high (in blossom), with glabrous, glaucous leaves. It has four leaves which are alternate, simple, entire and fleshy. The two lower leaves are larger, lanceolate, 10-20 x 2–6 cm, with conspicuously undulate margins while the two higher leaves are much smaller, nearly linear. One terminal showy flower, perianth cup shaped, of six free, petaloid segments, 2.5-9 x 1-3.5 cm, with dark blood-red colour, internally with a black blotch bordered by a yellow zone. It flowers March–April. The fruit is a capsule.

Scilla morrisii, commonly known as the Morris squill or pallid squill, is a critically endangered species of plant in the family Asparagaceae. It is endemic to Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation on the island of Cyprus.

Gladiolus triphyllus, the three-leaved gladiolus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is endemic to Cyprus.

Centaurea akamantis, the Akamas centaurea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to Cyprus, where it is found in three localities on the Akamas Peninsula in western Cyprus. Its total range measures around seven square kilometres, of which less than one square kilometre is inhabited by the plant. The species inhabits steep, shaded, humid limestone cliffs that have other vegetation growing in the crevices. It is listed as being critically endangered on the IUCN Red List due to its small range and population, as well as declining habitat quality in its range.

Salvia veneris, the Kythrean sage, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae that is endemic to Cyprus. It is found in a very small area just west of the village of Kythrea. A study in 2004 found only approximately 4,000 surviving plants. Salvia veneris has felt-like leaves growing in a basal rosette. The flowers are bi-colored, with the upper lip blue and the lower lip white with pale yellow markings. The stems give off a pleasant fragrance when crushed. The basal rosette leaf habit is unusual in the genus Salvia, and is thought to be an adaptation to grazing by goats.

Hedera cypria is a species of Ivy (genus Hedera) which is endemic to the island of Cyprus. The species is a climbing plant. It is natively found in higher altitudes in Cyprus. H. cypria has unique trichomes and fruits to separate it from closely related plants. It is not considered an invasive ivy where it is found in the United States.

Crocus cyprius is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus of the family Iridaceae. It is a cormous perennial native to Cyprus where it is found in the Troödos Mountains. Plants flower from January to April and are found inhabiting areas with stony soils. The corm tunic is annulate (having rings) and papery.

Bosea cypria is a species of flowering plant in the Amaranthaceae family. It is a highly branched, evergreen shrub, 1–2 m (3.3–6.6 ft) high, erect, suberect, or hanging on walls, cliffs or trees, with hairless angular shoots. Leaves, opposite, simple, entire-+ elliptical, 2-6 x (1-2-3) cm, hairless, petiolate, dark green, occasionally red green. Flowers in branched spikes, hermaphrodite or unisexual 5-merous, very small, green brown, the floral symmetry is actinomorphic. The fruit is a globose red berry. Flowers from April to July. It is endemic to Cyprus and in the local Greek Cypriot

Allium exaltatum is a species of flowering plant in the onion genus, Allium. It is a bulbous geophyte endemic to Cyprus.

Allium autumnale is a species of monocot plant in the Amaryllidaceae family endemic to the island of Cyprus.

Sideritis cypria, the Cyprus ironwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. Erect perennial herb with a woody base, 60 cm high, with densely hairy tetragonal shoots. Leaves, opposite, simple, obscurely serrate, densely hairy, thick, oblanceolate, 3-12 x 1–5 cm. Flowers in verticillasters subtended by the cup-like bracts, zygomorphic, corolla bright yellow. Flowers from June to August. Fruit of 4 nutlets.

Sedum cyprium, the Cyprus stonecrop, is an erect, monocarpic, succulent herb in the family Crassulaceae. The species is distinguished by its small brownish-red flowers and its ability to grow in harsh, rocky environments. It is considered relatively rare, being found only within a limited altitudinal range in Cyprus's Troodos Mountains where it has adapted to survive in shallow, free-draining substrates of weathered gabbro and schist. During summer heat, the plant often develops a distinct bronze-red colouration as a drought-resistance mechanism.

Scilla lochiae, known as Loch's glory-of-the-snow, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae. It is a bulbous perennial from Cyprus flowering in early spring. After flowering, it goes into dormancy until the next spring. It was named after Lady Loch who collected it. It belongs to a group of Scilla species that were formerly put in a separate genus, Chionodoxa, which may now be treated as Scilla sect. Chionodoxa. Like all former Chionodoxa species, the bases of the stamens are flattened and closely clustered in the middle of the flower. In other species of Scilla, the stamens

Crocus veneris is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus of the family Iridaceae. It is a cormous perennial native to Cyprus.

Crocus hartmannianus is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus of the family Iridaceae. It is a cormous perennial native to Cyprus. Plants inhabit the Troodos Mountains where it is rare, flowering occurs in mid February. Closely related to Crocus cyprius, but differentiated by its coarser paralleled fibered corm tunics.

Thymus integer is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is a strongly aromatic, sprawling, gnarled subshrub generally less than 10 cm high. It produces white to dark rosy purple flowers between March and June.

Silene laevigata, the Troödos catchfly, is a glaucous, erect or decumbent annual plant. It grows 6–27 cm (2.4–10.6 in) high with glabrous stems and small leaves. It has pink flowers, and the petals bifid 9–10 mm (0.35–0.39 in) long. It flowers in March–June.

Erysimum kykkoticum is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. It is endemic to the Mediterranean island of Cyprus, where it is found only in the Xeros River valley in the western Troodos Mountains. The species' range measures less than 3 hectares and its population is estimated to number less than 800 plants. Its natural habitats are Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation and rocky areas. It is threatened by forest fires, drought, forestry, and road construction.

Dianthus cyprius is a shrubby hairless perennial plant with overarching branches up to 90 cm long, the flowering branches growing from the sides of stems end in leaf-tufts. The Calyx-tube grows up to 2.5 cm cylindrical, with 4-9 pairs of bracts at the base. Flowers clustered, 2 cm in diameter; petals pink with some red marking toward the centre. Flowers from June to November. The plant's common name is "Dianthos o Kyprios".

Cyperus cyprius is a species of sedge that is native to parts of Cyprus.

Arabis purpurea is a species of flowering plant in the cabbage family Brassicaceae, endemic to the Troodos Mountains in Cyprus. It was first described by James Edward Smith in 1813.

Arabis cypria is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae, endemic to mountainous areas of Northern Cyprus.

Silene fraudatrix is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is sometimes referred to by the common name Alevkaya Sinekkapani. It has a restricted distribution and is endemic to Northern Cyprus, where it is known only from Alevkaya where it is common to Tatlisu.

Sedum microstachyum is a species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae. It is referred to by the common name small-spiked stonecrop. It is an erect, succulent, monocarpic herb, with an unbranched stem up to 40 cm high. Leaves succulent, simple, entire, glandular, hairy, reddish in sunny positions, sessile, the basal crowded in rosettes, spathulate-linear 3-7 x 0.5-1.5 cm, the higher smaller, spirally arranged. Flowers actinomorphic, small, reddish or greenish, in a cylindrical panicle, flowering from June to September. Fruit a many-seeded follicle.

Onosma troodi is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, native to Cyprus. It is typically found growing on ultramafic soils.

Onosma fruticosa is an erect, much branched shrub, 30-100 cm high, young shoots covered with bristles. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, stalkless, oblanceolate, 7-20 x 2-5 mm, thick, margins revolute, with a mixture of short hairs and long scabridulous bristles. Flowers tubular, nodding, solitary, corolla golden yellow, turning brownish with age. Flowers February-May. Fruit of 4 nutlets.

Noccaea cypria, the Cyprus penny-cress, is a perennial herb, flowering from February to May. This herb is a nickel hyperaccumulator with a recorded accumulation rate of 52,120 mg/kg of dry weight.