Flora of Greece

Crocus sativus, commonly known as saffron crocus or autumn crocus, is a species of flowering plant in the iris family Iridaceae. A cormous autumn-flowering cultivated perennial, unknown in the wild, it is best known for the culinary use of its floral stigmas as the spice saffron. Human cultivation of saffron crocus and the trade and use of saffron have endured for more than 3,500 years and span different cultures, continents, and civilizations.

Trigonella caerulea (blue fenugreek, blue melilot) is an annual herb in the family Fabaceae. It is 30–60 cm tall. Its leaves are obovate or lance-shaped, 2–5 cm long, 1–2 cm wide and saw-toothed in upper part. Its flower stalks are compact, globular racemes, longer than the leaves. The sepals are twice as short as the corolla, its teeth are equal to the tube. The corolla is 5.5-6.5 mm long and blue. The pods are erect or slightly curved, compressed, 4–5 mm long with beak 2 mm. The seeds are small and elongated. It blossoms in April–May, the seeds ripen in May–June. It is self-pollinated.

Allium calamarophilon is a species of plant in the genus Allium. It is endemic to Greece, known only from one small population on the Island of Euboea, on a rocky ledge in the center of the island near the town of Kimi. Its natural habitats are Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation and rocky shores. It is threatened by habitat loss. Allium calamarophilon is a very small plant with a short, slender scape barely 12 cm tall. Leaves are lanceolate. Umbel contains 5-8 white or pink flowers with dark midstripes along each of the tepals.

Aethionema retsina is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. It is a subshrub endemic to Greece, where it is native to the islands of Skyros and Skyropoula in the central Aegean. Its natural habitats are Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation and rocky shores. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Crocus laevigatus, the smooth crocus, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus of the family Iridaceae, endemic to Crete, Greece. Growing to 10 cm (3.9 in), it is a cormous perennial, with narrow swordlike leaves and pale lilac or white flowers with a yellow centre, appearing in autumn. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. The Latin specific epithet laevigatus means "smooth".

Fritillaria conica is a species of flowering plant of the Liliaceae family native to South West Greece. More specifically, it is endemic to the Peloponnese.

Achillea aegyptiaca, the Egyptian yarrow, is an ornamental plant in the aster family native to Greece.

Crocus goulimyi, the fall crocus, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus and the family Iridaceae. It is endemic to Greece. It is a cormous perennial growing to 10 cm (3.9 in) tall. The small, rounded, lilac flowers with paler throats appear in autumn. It was named in honour of the Greek amateur botanist Constantine Goulimis (1886-1963). This plant and the cultivar C. goulimyi subsp. goulimyi 'Mani White' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Crocus niveus is a species of Crocus from Greece.

Aquilegia ottonis is a perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, endemic to Greece.

Allium aeginiense is a plant species endemic to Greece. It is known only from the area near Meteora in the Thessaly region. Allium aeginiense produces an egg-shaped bulb up to 25 mm across. Leaves are flat, green, very narrow, up to 10 cm long but rarely more than 1.5 mm wide, covered with hairs up to 2 mm long. Scape is round in cross-section, up to 20 cm tall, hairless, bearing an umbel of up to 40 flowers. Flowers are bell-shaped, pinkish-purple, with yellow anthers and a green ovary.

Erodium chrysanthum, the yellow heron's bill, is a species of flowering plant in the family Geraniaceae, native to central and southern Greece. The flowers are a pale yellow, or rarely a pale pink. A dioecious perennial, it is hardy in USDA zones 6 through 8, and is recommended for rock gardens, trough gardens, and borders.

Crocus hadriaticus is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is a cormous perennial with three subspecies native to Greece.

Crataegus pycnoloba is a species of hawthorn in the Rosaceae family. It is native to the mountains of the northern and central Peloponnesus of Greece. The plant is a shrub or rarely a small tree. The fruit are red or dark reddish brown when immature, but later develop a yellow background colour.

Paeonia parnassica, the Greek peony, is a flowering plant in the family Paeoniaceae. It is native to the mountains of south-central Greece. This endangered perennial species is characterized by its dark, almost blackish-red flowers measuring 8–12 cm across, compound leaves with silvery-hairy undersides, and grows 35–65 centimetres tall. Endemic to Greece, it grows primarily on Mount Parnassus and Mount Helicon at elevations of 800–1300 metres, typically in forest clearings within Greek fir woodlands, damp meadows, and among limestone rocks. First formally described in 1977, the species

Lotus aduncus species of Lotus that is native in Europe. It is perennial and grows in a subtropical biome. It was first described in 1855 by Carl Fredrik Nyman.

Fritillaria rhodocanakis is a species of plant in the lily family Liliaceae. In its pure form, it is found only on Hydra Island (also called Ydra or Hydrea or Ύδρα) and on small neighboring islands in Greece . Additional populations occur in the Peloponnisos region of mainland Greece, though the specimens there show some degree of hybridization with F. spetsiotica and F. graeca. In 1987, some of the hybrids were described with the name Fritillaria rhodocanakis subsp. argolica, but this is now generally referred to as Fritillaria × spetsiotica Kamari. Fritillaria rhodocanakis is a bulb-forming

Crocus robertianus is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus of the family Iridaceae. It is a cormous perennial native to northwestern and central Greece.

Colchicum zahnii is a species of flowering plant in the family Colchicaceae. It is native to southern Greece. It blooms in mid-autumn from rhizomatous corms. The flowers can be variable coloured, being a pale purple-pink to white and are often held wide open. The leaves are produced at flowering time and usually number 2 to 3. This species is similar to Colchicum boissieri in that the corms grow into large patches, rather than tight clumps like Colchicum speciosum or Colchicum autumnale.

Colchicum parnassicum is a species of flowering plant in the family Colchicaceae. It is endemic to the Sterea Ellada region of central Greece. It is closely related to Colchicum autumnale, mainly being different in having shorter flowers. It blooms in the autumn season into medium pink flowers, which hold up well in the autumn weather. This species, if cultivated in cold climates, will do better in a sunny, sheltered location.

Colchicum parlatoris is a small species of flowering plant native to Greece. It has dark-purple pink flowers on short stems bearing prominent yellow stamens. The species is very similar to Colchicum pusillum.

Beta nana, the dwarf beet, is a species of flowering perennial plant in the family Amaranthaceae endemic to the mountains of central and southern Greece.

Allium brulloi is a plant species of wild onion from the family Amaryllidaceae, described originally by Cristina Salmeri in 1998. This is a flowering plant native to the calcareous rocks of Astipalaia, Greece, a SE Aegean island. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.

Verbascum epixanthinum, the yellow mullein, is a species of flowering plant in the family Scrophulariacee, native to Greece. Growing to 1 m (3.3 ft) tall, it is an erect herbaceous perennial with grey-green leaves, and dense 70 cm (28 in) spikes of yellow flowers in summer. Though perennial, it may be short-lived. It has won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. It is hardy, but requires a sheltered position in full sun. It is also considered by the RHS to be a good plant to attract pollinators.

Teucrium aroanium is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is endemic to Greece.

Saponaria jagelii is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is endemic to the island of Elafonisos in Greece. Its natural habitat is dune vegetation. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Polygala helenae, commonly known as the milkwort of Kythira, is a species of flowering plant in the family Polygalaceae. It is endemic to Greece, specifically the island of Kythira. Its natural habitat is Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, and it is threatened by habitat loss. The species is classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List.

Phitosia is a genus of Greek plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. The only known species is Phitosia crocifolia, found only in the Taigetos Range on the Peloponnese Peninsula in Greece. It is listed as an endangered species on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List under the synonymous name Crepis crocifolia.

Isoetes heldreichii, or Pindus quillwort, is a species of lycopod. It is critically endangered. Some think it extinct as it was last seen in 1885.

Iris hellenica is a plant species in the genus Iris and the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Saitas Mountain, in the Peloponnese Region of Greece. It has grey-green, sickle-shaped leaves, a tall slender stem, 2–3 white, lavender-blue, lilac or purple flowers and orange/purple beards. It was thought once to be a hybrid species of Iris germanica which also grows in the same area, before being separated into 2 species. It has only recently been published and is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.