Flora of Iraq

Glaucium cuneatum is a species of flowering plant in horned poppy genus which is native to Iraq.

Asperula asterocephala is a deciduous species of perennial groundcover, and a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, known as Woodruff, and is endemic to Iraq, and was first named by Bornm.

Ajuga zakhoensis is a herbaceous flowering plant native to northern Iraq. It was first described in 1982.

The oat (Avena sativa), sometimes called the common oat, is a species of cereal grass (Avena) grown for fodder and for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural). Oats appear to have been domesticated as a secondary crop, as their seeds resembled those of other cereals closely enough for them to be included by early cultivators. Oats tolerate cold winters less well than cereals such as wheat, barley, and rye, but need less summer heat and more rain, making them important in areas such as Northwest Europe that have cool, wet summers. They can tolerate low-nutrient and

Alrawia is a genus of bulbous flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae (also treated as the family Hyacinthaceae). It is native to north-eastern Iraq and Iran.

Allium haemanthoides (Kurdish: Loosha) is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is native to Iraq and Iran. It is a bulb-forming perennial with a densely packed umbel of white flowers with dark mideveins on the tepals.

Allium iranicum or Afghan leek or Iranian leek is a species of wild leek native to the Zagros Mountains of Iran and northern Iraq. It is used in Iranian traditional medicine as a treatment for hemorrhoids. Its chromosome number is 2n=32. Adding Allium iranicum to yogurt results in increasing the quality and thickness.

Albraunia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Plantaginaceae. Its native range is Iran and Iraq. Species: Albraunia foveopilosa Speta Albraunia fugax (Boiss. & Noë) Speta Albraunia psilosperma Speta

Sclerochorton is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. The only species is Sclerochorton haussknechtii. Its native range is Iraq to Western Iran.

Astragalus kirrindicus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Iraq and Iran.

Ergocarpon is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. Its native range is northern Iraq to northwestern Iran. Species: Ergocarpon cryptanthum (Rech.f.) C.C.Towns.

Clastopus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. Its native range is Iraq to Iran. Species: Clastopus erubescens Hausskn. Clastopus purpureus Bunge ex Boiss. Clastopus vestitus (Desv.) Boiss.

Allium anacoleum is a plant species in the amaryllis family and is native to Turkey and Iraq.

Asperula xylorrhiza is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Turkey and Iraq.

Pentapleura is a genus of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1913. It contains only one known species, Pentapleura subulifera, native to southeastern Turkey and northern Iraq.

Hypericum hirtellum is a species of flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. It is native to Iran and Iraq and is found on chalky, sandy soil at elevations of 300–2,000 meters.

Camelinopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae. It includes two species native to northern Iraq and Iran. Camelinopsis alborzica Doostm. – northern Iran (western Alborz Mountains) Camelinopsis campylopoda (Bornm. & Gauba) A.G.Mill. – west-central Iran and northern Iraq Camelinopsis kurdica (A.G.Mill.) Al-Shehbaz & A.G.Mill. is now placed in genus Pseudocamelina as Pseudocamelina kurdica (A.G.Mill.) Esmailbegi & Al-Shehbaz.

Sclerochorton is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. The only species is Sclerochorton haussknechtii. Its native range is Iraq to Western Iran.

Astragalus octopus is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to northeastern Iraq and western Iran. A thorny, cushion-forming perennial subshrub closely resembling Astragalus longifolius, it produces a high-quality gum tragacanth. A slow-growing plant, it eventually reaches 20 to 40 cm (8 to 16 in). Its pollinators are bees and Lepidoptera.

Astragalus lobophorus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae. The native range of this species is from Iraq to Iran.

The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, cultivated for its edible seeds. Its different types are variously known as gram, Bengal gram, chana (চানা), garbanzo, garbanzo bean, or Egyptian pea. It is one of the earliest cultivated legumes, the oldest archaeological evidence of which was found in Syria. Chickpeas are high in protein. The chickpea is a key ingredient in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisines, used in hummus, and, when soaked and coarsely ground with herbs and spices, then made into patties and fried, falafel.

Cumin ( , ; US also ; Cuminum cyminum) is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to the Irano-Turanian Region. Its seeds – each one contained within a fruit, which is dried – are used in the cuisines of many cultures in both whole and ground form. Although cumin is used in traditional medicine, there is no high-quality evidence that it is safe or effective as a therapeutic agent.

Rosa boissieri is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It is native to Turkey, the Transcaucasus, northern Iraq, and northern Iran. A shrub, it is pentaploid.

Rheum palaestinum, the desert rhubarb, is a plant indigenous to Palestine, Israel and Jordan with a highly developed system for gathering rainwater.

Prunus argentea, sometimes called the silver almond, is a species of wild almond found in the Levant, Turkey, Iraq and western Iran. It is a thorny shrub 0.5 to 3 m (1.6 to 9.8 ft) tall, with rough gray or brown bark. Its leaves are silvery white due to a covering of pubescent hairs. The leaves have a 1–5 mm petiole and the leaf blades are 10–44 mm (0.4–1.7 in) long and 10–23 mm (0.4–0.9 in) wide. Its inflorescences have red hypanthia and sepals, and pale pink or pink petals. The flowers are borne on a pedicel about 1 to 3 mm long, which lengthens to 2 to 7 mm when the fruit is fully

Iris grant-duffii is a species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Syriacae. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Lebanon, Israel, Syria, Turkey, Lebanon and Iraq, which has brown bristles/spines on the rhizome, long thin greyish green leaves, short stem carrying a single scented flower in shades of yellow.

Iris gatesii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Turkey and Iraq. It has long, narrow, grey-green or glaucous leaves. The strong, sturdy stem supports a single large flower in spring, between April and June. The large flowers are very variable in colouring, ranging from a pale greenish, grey, white, or creamy-yellow background colour, which is then covered with many purplish-brown, purple, or nearly black, spots, dots, short broken lines, or veining. They have a brownish purple or

Fritillaria uva-vulpis, commonly called the fox's grape fritillary, is a bulbous perennial plant belonging to the genus Fritillaria and native to eastern Turkey, north-western Iraq and western Iran. They are mainly found in the wooded foothills of the Zagros, where they grow in damp meadows and cornfields between 900 and 1800 m above sea level.

Pseudocamelina is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. Its native range is Iraq to Iran, Western Himalaya. Species: Pseudocamelina aphragmodes (Boiss.) N.Busch Pseudocamelina bakhtiarica Esmailbegi, Mirtadz. & Al-Shehbaz Pseudocamelina campylocarpa (Boiss.) N.Busch Pseudocamelina campylopoda (Bornm. & Gauba) Hadac & Chrtek Pseudocamelina conwayi (Hemsl.) Al-Shehbaz Pseudocamelina glaucophylla (DC.) N.Busch Pseudocamelina kermanica Esmailbegi, Mirtadz. & Al-Shehbaz Pseudocamelina kleinii Rech.f. Pseudocamelina kurdica (A.G.Mill.) Esmailbegi & Al-Shehbaz

Colchicum kotschyi is a species of flowering plant in the Colchicaceae family. It is native to Iran, Iraq and Turkey. It blooms relatively early for an autumn flowering colchicum, as early as August. The flowers often open to a pink-purple colour, but white flowered specimens are common in the wild. The plant reaches up to 2 m (6") tall and grows well in sunny, warm locations.