Flora of Lebanon-Syria

Cyclamen libanoticum (Lebanon cyclamen) is a species of flowering plant in the family Primulaceae. It is native to a small area in the mountains of Lebanon northeast of Beirut at 750–1,400 m (2,460–4,590 ft) elevation, in and around Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve. From winter to spring, it bears peppery-smelling flowers with 5 oval petals opening white, then turning pale pink, usually with an irregular crimson-magenta mark at the base. Leaves are heart-shaped, gray-green with a darker arrowhead pattern. The tuber only produces roots from one side of the bottom. Cyclamen ×wellensiekii Iets. is

Allium libani (Lebanese garlic ثوم لبناني ) is a species of wild bulbous plant geophyte of the genus Allium, belonging to the family of Amaryllidaceae. Allium libani is endemic to the Middle East in Lebanon and Syria.

Iris hermona, the Golan iris, is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris, and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the pastures and meadows of the Golan Heights in Israel and Syria. It has linear, upright leaves, tall slender stem holding a bi-coloured flower, having a pale lilac, cream-yellow, light tan, or white background, which is then covered in purple brown, or purple, or purple-pink veining, spots or speckling. It has a round purple-brown or almost black signal patch, and a sparse purple brown or almost black beard. It is rarely

Iris damascena is a species of plant in the genus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial endemic to Mount Qasioun in Syria. It has thin, sickle-shaped, grey-green leaves and medium-sized stem that holds 1-2 large flowers between March and April. Inflorescences are white or grey-white with purple-brown spotting or veining and a small blackish or dark purple signal patch with a sparse, purple or dark purple beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer. The species is classified as critically endangered by the IUCN.

Iris westii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Oncocyclus section. It is from the mountain sides of Lebanon. It has curved grey-green leaves, a stem carrying one flower in shades of lilac, white or beige with spotting or veins in a darker shade or violet. The lower petals have deep velvety chocolate or deep violet-black signal patch and a purple beard. It rare and threatened due to habitat destruction, from military actions, overgrazing by goats and other factors.

Iris assadiana is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the deserts of Syria. It has small rhizomes, grey-green strongly curved leaves, slender stems, scented flowers in April, in shades of maroon, purple, deep purple or black. They have dark veining and it also has yellow/white beard tipped with purple. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Quercus kotschyana is a species of oak endemic to the mountains of Lebanon. It is placed in subgenus Quercus, section Quercus.

Iris susiana, commonly known as the mourning iris, is a species of perennial plant in the family Iridaceae. The mourning iris is native to the Middle East. It grows in Lebanon, Syria and Turkey, although it is believed to be extinct in the wild. It is popular as a cut flower as the flowers can easily span 12 centimeters (5 inches). The survival of the species is seriously threatened by excessive picking.

Iris nusairiensis is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial from Syria, it has pale blue or white flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris cedreti is a species of flowering plant in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus of Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial endemic to Lebanon. It has long narrow leaves, short stem, and flowers with a white background which is covered with very small dots or veins of dark maroon, purple, purplish-maroon, or almost black. It has a dark maroon signal patch with a brownish or purplish beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer. It is listed as critically endangered by the IUCN.

Iris basaltica is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the basalt deserts and hillsides of eastern Syria. It has many falcate long leaves, and long stem. Between March and April, it has white or pale green flowers covered in thick purple or black veining and dots or spots. It also has a purple or maroon beard, tipped with yellow. It is rare cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to its environmental conditions of its natural habitat.

Allium feinbergii is a species of onions found on Mount Hermon, near where the three nations of Israel, Syria, and Lebanon meet. It is a bulb-forming perennial producing an umbel of flowers. Flowers are reddish-purple, narrowly urn-shaped, on long peduncles so that most of them are drooping.

Alchemilla diademata, also known as the diadem lady's mantle (Arabic: كمالية مكللة), is a species of the genus Alchemilla endemic to Lebanon. The plant has been commonly used in folk medicine in Lebanon and its promising bioactive properties have been subject to a number of studies.

Viola libanotica is a species of flowering plant in the Violaceae family. It is referred to by the common name Lebanon violet and is an evergreen running herb. It is endemic to the cold heights of Lebanon. The plant has dark green leaves and purple flowers.

Ornithogalum libanoticum, or Lebanon ornithogalum, is a species of Ornithogalum in the subfamily Scilloideae of family Asparagaceae.

Origanum libanoticum (Lebanese oregano, hopflower oregano, cascading hopflower oregano, ornamental oregano or cascading oregano) is a species of herbaceous flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to the mountains of Lebanon and Syria. Origanum libanoticum is prized for its attractive foliage but especially for its pink bracts and flowers; it blooms from summer to fall.

Iris yebrudii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Oncocyclus section. It is from the hillsides of Syria. It has curved leaves, often hiding a single stem and the spring flower is pale yellow, covered in fine spots, veining and has a dark purple signal patch and purple beard.

Iris swensoniana is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Oncocyclus section. It grows in the deserts of Syria. It has blue-green curved leaves, tall stems holding purple-black or purple blooms with a yellow beard and maroon-black signal patch.

Iris auranitica is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial in the Jabal al-Druze region in Syria, where it grows at about 1600 m. It has thin and long, greyish-green, semi-evergreen leaves. In May, it has fragranced flowers (between light yellow to mustard), with a dark signal patch and yellow beard with purple tips. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer.

Iris antilibanotica is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Syria. It has semi-evergreen, green, falcate leaves, slender stem, bi-coloured flowers, in dark purple, violet. With a small dark spot and purple tipped yellow beard on the outer petals. It is very rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It is classified by the IUCN Red List as a critically endangered species in-situ, with only three known wild populations still existing (one in Lebanon and the other two in Syria), as well as a few

Aubrieta libanotica, common name Lebanese rock cress, is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family Brassicaceae. The genus is named after Claude Aubriet, a French flower painter. A. Libanotica is native to the mountainous ranges of Lebanon and some parts of Syria.

Allium drusorum is a plant species in the amaryllis family. It is endemic to Syria.

Acer cinerascentiforme is a species of maple tree native to Lebanon and Syria.

Hypericum nanum is a species of flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae which is native to Lebanon, Syria, and Israel.

Arenaria libanotica, commonly known as Lebanon sandwort (Arabic: زهرة رمال لبنانية), is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. This species was first described by Kotschy in 1867. Arenaria libanotica blooms in June and July; its small flowers are white and hermaphrodite flowers. It is endemic to the mountains of Lebanon.

Sternbergia pulchella is a bulbous flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. It has yellow flowers which appear in autumn. The species is native to Syria and Lebanon.

Phlomis tathamiorum is a plant species endemic to a small area near the town of Ehden in northern Lebanon. It grows in rocky mountain pastures at elevations of 1400–1700 m. The plant is under threat due to proposed development of the land for other purposes. Phlomis tathamiorum is a perennial herb with a wooden base. Stem is square in cross-section, up to 110 cm tall. Basal leaves are up to 13 cm long, stem leaf blades up to 10 cm long. Flowers are yellow, born in clumps along the upper stem. Phlomis tathamiorum is named after former British ambassador to Lebanon David Tatham, "for voicing

Matthiola crassifolia, the thick-leaved stock, is a species of plant in the family Brassicaceae.

Berberis libanotica is a species of plant in the family Berberidaceae. It is a spiny shrub native to Lebanon and Syria.

Anthemis aaronsohnii is a member of the daisy family and is found in Lebanon and Syria.