Flora of Malaya

Nepenthes macfarlanei (; after John Muirhead Macfarlane, botanist) is a carnivorous pitcher plant species endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It produces attractive red-speckled pitchers. Lower pitchers are ovoid or infundibular in the lower half and globose or cylindrical above and up to 25 cm high. Upper (aerial) pitchers are of a lighter colour with wings reduced to ribs. The lower surface of the lid is densely covered with short, white hairs. This is a characteristic morphological feature of this species, but at present its function is unknown.

Rafflesia cantleyi is a parasitic plant species of the genus Rafflesia. It can be found in Peninsular Malaysia and Pulau Tioman, an island off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. This species is almost identical to R. hasseltii, except for the number of warts on the perigone lobes of the two species. Another distinctive feature of R. cantleyi is its ability to form flowers on the aerial portions of its host Tetrastigma. R. cantleyi was named after Nathaniel Cantley, curator of the Singapore Botanic Gardens.

Agathis flavescens is a species of conifer in the family Araucariaceae. It is sometimes considered a variety of Agathis dammara. Agathis flavescens is found only in remote parts of the Peninsular Malaysia. Less than 1,000 mature individuals are likely to exist in three separate populations. An area where specimens frequently display yellowing leaves is suggestive of poor nutrient conditions.

Nepenthes gracillima (; from the Latin superlative of gracilis "slender") is a highland Nepenthes pitcher plant species, native to Peninsular Malaysia.

Nepenthes benstonei is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Peninsular Malaysia, where it grows at elevations of 150–1350 m above sea level. The specific epithet benstonei honours botanist Benjamin Clemens Stone, who was one of the first to collect the species.

Begonia rajah is a species of flowering plant in the family Begoniaceae, native to Terengganu state, Peninsula Malaysia. It typically has striking bronze leaves and contrasting green veins, and is best suited for terrariums.

Phalaenopsis appendiculata is a species of miniature epiphyte in the family Orchidaceae, endemic to peninsular Malaysia.

Ixora umbellata is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is found from southern Indo-China to western Malaysia.

Begonia eiromischa, commonly known as woolly-stalked begonia, is a presumed extinct plant from Malaysia. It occurred at granite rocks at an elevation of 170 m in the proximity of dipterocarp forests. Begonia eiromischa is only known from two collections made in 1886 and 1898 at Pulau Betong, Penang Island in Malaysia. Its habitat was completely destroyed as a result of agricultural alteration, especially farming and logging. Despite extensive surveys it could not be rediscovered and so it was officially declared extinct by the IUCN in 2007.

Rafflesia azlanii is a parasitic flowering plant of the genus Rafflesia, endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is most similar to R. cantleyi, but differs in having larger perigone blotches. The flower was first discovered in the Royal Belum Forest Reserve in the state of Perak in 2003, and is named after the Sultan of Perak, Sultan Azlan Shah. It can be found in lowland dipterocarp forests.

Nepenthes ramispina (; from Latin ramus "branch" and spina "spine, spur") is a highland Nepenthes pitcher plant species, native to Peninsular Malaysia. It was once regarded as being similar to N. gracillima, but studies of the two species in nature have shown that they are readily distinguishable in isolation, N. gracillima being far more readily confused with N. macfarlanei in its rosette stage.

Livistona tahanensis is a species of medium-sized palm tree of the genus Livistona, found on only one mountain top in Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. In Malay the palm is known as Tahan serdang, or as daun tau. T.C. Whitmore, writing in 1970, describes that the palms are seen after a four days' hike from Kuala Tahan, up the ridge behind Kuala Teku through tall dipterocarp jungle, until, suddenly, at 2,940 feet (900 m) in altitude up the slopes of the remote Gunong Tahan (Tahan mountain), the dense vegetation breaks and a low, stunted, small-leaved, upper montane forest takes over, continuing to

Kostermansia malayana, commonly known as the durian tuang or krepal, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae, that is endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Durio pinangianus is a species of tree in the family Malvaceae. It is endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is a large tree which grows up to 18 metres tall with a bole up to 51 cm in diameter. It grows in lowland and submontane rain forest in lowland forests and on steep slopes up to 1,120 metres elevation.

Bulbophyllum evansii is a species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae.

Bulbophyllum diplantherum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.

Bulbophyllum cameronense is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae.

Bulbophyllum brevipes is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.

Aleisanthia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It holds only two species, both of which are endemic to Peninsular Malaysia.

Shorea collina (called, along with some other species in the genus Shorea, red balau) is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It grows naturally in Peninsular Malaysia.

Podocarpus spathoides is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is a shrub or tree endemic to Mount Ledang in Peninsula Malaysia.

Podocarpus ridleyi is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found only in Peninsular Malaysia.

Musa violascens is a species of wild banana (genus Musa), native to Peninsular Malaysia. It is placed in section Callimusa (now including the former section Australimusa), members of which have a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 20.

Mangifera superba is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia.

Licuala ferruginea is a species of palm tree from the genus Licuala. It is found in Singapore, including in the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. It is also found in Peninsular Malaysia. It is a small palm with a short stem. It has between 10 and 13 leaflets. The central leaflet is the longest and can grow to up to one meter long. The flowers have hairy ovaries. The fruits are pink when young and black when mature.

Kochummenia is a genus of plants in the family Rubiaceae. As of March 2023, it contains three accepted species, all endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. Kochummenia parviflora K.M.Wong - Terengganu Kochummenia stenopetala (King & Gamble) K.M.Wong - Perak Kochummenia terengganuensis K.M.Wong

Johannesteijsmannia magnifica, commonly known as the silver joey palm or segalok, is a perennial species of palm from Selangor, Perak, and Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. It grows in primary forests in tropical lowlands, and is considered endangered. It was first described in 1972 by John Dransfield, but was known to and used by indigenous Malaysians before description.

Dacrydium comosum is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is a shrub or small tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is known from only five mountain locations in Peninsular Malaysia, including the Genting Highlands and Gunung Ulu Kali. It grows in stunted mossy forest on exposed ridges, on rocky acidic and peaty soils, from 1,170 to 1,440 metres elevation. The species may be threatened by fire and tourism. The species was first described by E. J. H. Corner in 1939.

Bulbophyllum xanthum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.

Bulbophyllum turpe is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.