Flora of Southwest Mexico

Opuntia ficus-indica, the Indian fig opuntia, fig opuntia, or prickly pear, is a species of cactus that has long been a domesticated crop plant grown in agricultural economies throughout arid and semiarid parts of the world. O. ficus-indica is the most widespread and most commercially important cactus. It is grown primarily as a fruit crop, and also for the vegetable nopales and other uses. Cacti are good crops for dry areas because they efficiently convert water into biomass. O. ficus-indica is the most widespread of the long-domesticated cactuses. Opuntia species hybridize easily, but the

Salvia divinorum (Latin: sage of the diviners; also called ska maría pastora, seer's sage, yerba de la pastora, magic mint or simply salvia) is a species of plant in the sage genus Salvia, known for its transient psychoactive properties when its leaves, or extracts made from the leaves, are administered by smoking, chewing, or drinking (as a tea). The leaves contain the potent compound salvinorin A and can induce a dissociative state and hallucinations. Mazatec shamans have a long and continuous tradition of religious use of S. divinorum to facilitate visionary states of consciousness during

Ipomoea lobata, the fire vine, firecracker vine or Spanish flag (formerly Mina lobata), is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae, native to Mexico and Brazil. Growing to 5 m (16 ft) tall, Ipomoea lobata is a perennial climber often cultivated in temperate regions as an annual. It has toothed and lobed leaves (hence lobata) and one-sided racemes of flowers, opening red and fading to yellow, cream and white. These colours are graded down the length of the flower spike. The effect is like a firework, hence one of its popular names "firecracker vine". The colours vaguely

Pinus rzedowskii, commonly known as Rzedowski's pine, is a species of conifer in the pine family, Pinaceae. It is endemic to western Michoacán state, in southwestern Mexico.

Pinus jaliscana, the Jalisco pine, is a species of conifer in the family Pinaceae. It is endemic to southwestern Mexico, native to the Pacific slopes of the Sierra Madre del Sur within western Jalisco state, with populations in the Sierra de Cuale and Sierra el Tuito and south of Villa Purificación from 700 to 2,000 meters elevation. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Magnolia pacifica is a species of Magnolia from Jalisco and Nayarit states in western Mexico.

Populus guzmanantlensis is a species of plant in the family Salicaceae. It is endemic to Mexico. This species is native to the Sierra de Manantlán of Jalisco.

Magnolia iltisiana is a species of plant in the family Magnoliaceae. It is endemic to Mexico. Common names include ahuatoso and yoloxochitl.

Echeveria laui is a slow-growing perennial succulent plant native to the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. It is a popular decorative plant due to its distinctive pink color.

Artorima is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. At present (May 2014), only one species is known: Artorima erubescens

Zea diploperennis, the diploperennial teosinte, is a species of grass (family: Poaceae) in the genus Zea and a teosinte (wild relative of maize or corn). It is perennial.

Quercus cualensis is a rare species of oak. It has been found only in a small region in the State of Jalisco in western Mexico, in the Sierra el Cuale mountains south of Puerto Vallarta.

Agave gypsophila (common names – gypsum century plant, blue wave agave) is a species of plant in the Asparagaceae family and is endemic to the Mexican state of Guerrero. The specific epithet, gypsophila, means gypsum loving. Agave gypsophila was described by Howard Scott Gentry in 1982. In 2013, J. Antonio Vazquez-Garcıa, et al. proposed a narrower circumscription of Agave gypsophila based on both ecological and morphological characteristics. The Agave gypsophila sens. lat. (in the broad sense) of Howard Scott Gentry was divided into five species: Agave abisaii, A. andreae, A. gypsophila

Abies flinckii, commonly known as the Jalisco fir, is a species of conifer in the genus Abies. It is native to central Mexico and found along the Transmexican Volcanic Belt at altitudes between 2 km and 3.5 km above sea level.

Quercus iltisii is a species of oak tree native to western Mexico, where it is found in a small portion of Jalisco and Colima states.

Pinguicula gigantea is a tropical species of carnivorous plant in the family Lentibulariaceae. Its native range is within Mexico. P. gigantea's flower is usually a purple colour with the occasional light blue also seen. P. gigantea was once classified as Pinguicula ayautla. This Pinguicula was discovered by Alfred Lau and described by the botanist Hans Luhrs. Pinguicula gigantea has a few different forms, such as the 'white flower' form or the 'blue flower'.

Mammillaria deherdtiana is a species of cactus in the subfamily Cactoideae. It is native to South-western Mexico, in particular to Oaxaca, in a region between Nejaba, Juquila, Mixes.

Magnolia vazquezii is a species of flowering plant in the family Magnoliaceae. It is endemic to the Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero state in southern Mexico.

Magnolia krusei is a species of plant in the family Magnoliaceae. It is endemic to Mexico.

Magnolia guerrerensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Magnoliaceae. It is endemic to the Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero state in southern Mexico.

Magnolia dealbata is a species of flowering plant in the family Magnoliaceae, native to Mexico. It is known commonly as the cloudforest magnolia and eloxochitl. It is sometimes considered to be a subspecies of Magnolia macrophylla, which is otherwise native to the southeastern United States.

Euphorbia fulgens, the scarlet plume, is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae, native to Mexico. Growing to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) tall by 1 m (3.3 ft) broad, it is a deciduous shrub with long, weeping branches and narrow leaves. In winter orange-red flowers growing in the leaf axils cover the length of the branches. The Latin specific epithet fulgens means "shining, glistening". It is not hardy, requiring temperatures above 10 °C (50 °F). It must therefore be grown under glass in temperate regions. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Dasylirion serratifolium, or the sandpaper sotol, is a plant species in the family Asparagaceae, native to the Mexican states of Hidalgo and Oaxaca. It is often in cultivation as an ornamental in other places, including in Europe.

Zea perennis, the perennial teosinte, is a true grass species in the genus Zea and a teosinte.

Tillandsia oaxacana is a species of flowering plant in the genus Tillandsia. This species is endemic to Mexico.

Mammillaria hernandezii is a species of cacti in the tribe Cacteae. It is native to Mexico where it has a disjointed distribution in a small area of upland tropical pine scrub. There are estimated to be fewer than 500 plants in the wild and is classified as endangered.

Echeveria derenbergii, the painted-lady, is a species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae, endemic to eastern Oaxaca in Mexico.

Dioon rzedowskii is a species of cycad that is endemic to Oaxaca, Mexico. It occurs in the Rio Santo Domingo valley, near the villages of San Bartolomé Ayautla and San Pedro Teutila.

Dioon holmgrenii is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Mexico, where it occurs only in an area just to the southwest of San Gabriel Mixtepec, Oaxaca. It is known by the common name palma del sol (sun palm). This plant grows in humid pine-oak forest habitats. There are only two known subpopulations.

Bulbophyllum cirrhosum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum from Mexico.