Flora of Peru

The tomato (US: , UK: ; Solanum lycopersicum) is a plant whose fruit is an edible berry that is eaten as a vegetable. The tomato is a member of the nightshade family that includes tobacco, potato, and chili peppers. It originated from western South America, and may have been domesticated there, in Mexico, or in Central America. The Spanish introduced tomatoes to Eurasia in the Columbian exchange in the 16th century. Tomato plants are vines, largely annual, and vulnerable to frost, though sometimes living longer in greenhouses. The flowers are able to self-fertilize. Modern varieties have been

Tropaeolum majus, the garden nasturtium, nasturtium, Indian cress or monk's cress, is a species of flowering plant in the family Tropaeolaceae. An annual or a short-lived perennial with disc-shaped leaves and brilliant yellow, orange or red flowers, it is of cultivated, probably hybrid origin. It is not closely related to the genus Nasturtium (which includes watercress).

Mila caespitosa is a species of cacti (family Cactaceae) and the only species of the genus Mila. Its generic name is an anagram of Lima, Peru, the city near which the plant is found. The genus was first thought to comprise 13 species, until recent studies suggest they form one very variable species.

Matucana is a genus of cacti (family Cactaceae), containing approximately 20 species of mostly globular plants. The genus is known only from Peru, mostly along the Marañón River. Some species are endangered due to collection for the specialist market.

Tropaeolum peregrinum, the canary-creeper, canarybird flower, canarybird vine, or canary nasturtium, is a species of Tropaeolum native to western South America in Peru and possibly also Ecuador.

Pygmaeocereus is a genus of small cacti (family Cactaceae). The genus is endemic to Peru. These species generally do not reach more than 100 mm (4 in) high, and produce a large tuberous root system and scented night flowers.

Calymmanthium is a monotypic genus of primitive tree-like cacti from northern Peru. The only species is Calymmanthium substerile (also known as C. fertile). It belongs to the tribe Lymanbensonieae. The young flowers of Calymmanthium are completely encased within the plant's pedicel until it is fully developed, at which time the growing yellow flower swells until it cracks the pedicel open, allowing pollinators access. The plant has an upright trunk, but many of the branches sprawl on the ground. Diploperianthium F.Ritter (nom. inval.) has been brought into synonymy with this genus.

Salvia discolor (Andean sage) is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant, growing in a very localized area in Peru. It is equally rare in horticulture and in its native habitat. William Robinson wrote of its charms in 1933. The plant is scandent, meaning that it climbs without the use of tendrils, with wiry white stems growing from its base. Mistletoe-green leaves of various sizes grow in pairs about 1–2 in apart on the stem, with the undersides covered in white hairs. The leaves, stem and flower buds all exhibit a strong and distinct odour of blackcurrant. The 1 in long deeply saturated dark

Rauhia is a genus of bulbous, perennial plants in the family Amaryllidaceae endemic to Peru.

Phragmipedium kovachii is an orchid species found to be new to science in 2001, native to the Andean cloud forests of northern Peru. A species with terrestrial habit and growing in clumps of several individuals, it displays showy pink to purple flowers up to 20 cm (8 in) wide. It is currently considered a critically endangered species by the IUCN, due to overcollection in the wild.

Acca lanuginosa is a species of plant in the Myrtaceae family that is related to the much more commonly known Pineapple guava. It is endemic to Peru and is considered Endangered by the IUCN.

Tillandsia purpurea is a species of flowering plant in the family Bromeliaceae. It is endemic to Peru, first described by Ruiz and Pavón in 1802.

Peperomia columella is a species of plant in the family of Piperaceae. The species is endemic to Peru. It grows in dry areas, often in crevices on steep cliffs or in sandy soil. It grows to about 20 cm in height, forming snake-like stems, which carry closely packed, succulent bright green leaves. The leaves are truncated, U-shape in cross-section, with epidermal windows on top. It can be kept as a houseplant and has received the Award of Garden Merit by the Royal Horticultural Society.

Miconia calophylla is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Peru.

Lasiocereus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cactaceae, native to Peru. The genus was established by Friedrich Ritter in 1966. It was formerly placed in subtribe Rebutiinae, but a 2023 molecular phylogenetic study suggested that it probably belonged to the subtribe Trichocereinae.

Ipomoea pulcherrima is a species of plant in the family Convolvulaceae. It is endemic to Peru.

Euphorbia apurimacensis is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is endemic to Peru.

Trichlora is a genus of plants in the onion subfamily within the Amaryllis family. There are 4 known species, all endemic to Peru. Trichlora huascarana Ravenna – Peru (Ancash) Trichlora lactea Ravenna – Peru (Cajamarca ) Trichlora peruviana Baker – Peru (Lima, Cusco) Trichlora sandwithii Vargas – Peru (Apurímac)

Schizotrichia is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Tageteae within the family Asteraceae. The generic name "Schizotrichia" means "split hair," referring to the forked nature of the plant's hairs.

Salvia oppositiflora is a species of perennial flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is native to Peru, growing at high elevations—7,000 to 12,000 feet. It was collected in 1798 by Hipólito Ruiz López and José Antonio Pavón Jiménez and later described in Flora of Peru. Salvia oppositiflora reaches 2–3 feet in height and width, with a floppy habit. The mid-green leaves are ovate, nearly triangular, reaching up to 1.5 inches long and wide, smooth or lightly covered with hairs, and with serrated edges. The 1 inch flowers are orange-red, appearing tube-like, with reddish stamens protruding

Psychotria woytkowskii is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Peru.

Peperomia nivalis is a species of plant in the genus Peperomia endemic to Peru. Its native habitat is found in the high altitude ranges of the peruvian Andes. P. nivalis is a compact erect succulent herb with fleshy stems and leaves. The thick leaves are cuneate and U-shaped in cross-section with epidermal windows on the top-side. The leaf color is bright green in the shady summer and reddish during dry sunny seasons. In addition to the basic P. nivalis four other varieties and forms are known: Peperomia nivalis f. diminuta, Peperomia nivalis var. compacta, Peperomia nivalis var. lepadiphylla

Miconia lachnoclada is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Peru.

Miconia griffisii is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Peru.

Miconia floccosa is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Peru.

Miconia brevistylis is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Peru.

Miconia bailloniana is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Peru and Bolivia.

Miconia ayacuchensis is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Peru.

Miconia alpina is a species of tree in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Peru and considered a vulnerable species by the IUCN.

Miconia aligera is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Peru.