Flora of Taiwan

Abies kawakamii is a species of conifer in the family Pinaceae. It is found only in Taiwan. First described in 1908 by Bunzō Hayata as a variety of Abies mariesii, a high-mountain fir native to Japan; the next year it was elevated to species rank by Tokutarô Itô. Abies kawakamii is exclusively native to the island of Taiwan, and is one of the southernmost true firs (together with A. fansipanensis, native to Vietnam, and A. guatemalensis, from Mexico and Guatemala). It is a high-mountain species occurring in northern and central Taiwan at elevations between 2400 and 3800 m in association with

Fagus hayatae, also known as Taiwan beech, is a species of beech tree. It can grow 20 metres (66 ft) tall.It is the only beech species native to Taiwan. While the International Union for Conservation of Nature reports it as endemic to Taiwan, Flora of China and Flora of Taiwan also report it from China; Flora of China reports a wide but discontinuous mainland distribution between Sichuan in the southwest to Zhejiang in the east.

Calocedrus formosana (syn. C. macrolepis var. formosana (Florin) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Taiwan Incense-cedar; Chinese: 臺灣肖楠; pinyin: tái wān xiào nán or 臺灣翠柏) is a conifer endemic to Taiwan.

Arenga engleri, or the Formosa palm, Taiwan sugar palm, dwarf sugar palm, or Taiwan arenga palm, is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. The plant rarely grows more than 10 ft. tall, with a stem diameter of 6in. and a spread of 16 ft. The palm is native to Taiwan as well as Japan's Ryukyu Islands. The fruit of the palm is known to cause a severe allergic reaction.

Lilium formosanum, also known as the Formosa lily or Taiwanese lily (traditional Chinese: 台灣百合; simplified Chinese: 台湾百合; pinyin: Táiwān bǎihé), is a plant species in the lily family, endemic to Taiwan. It is closely related to the Easter lily found in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan, eastern and northern Taiwan. Both species are cultivated for their showy, trumpet-shaped flowers. Lilium formosanum has become naturalized in scattered locations in Africa, Australia, and the Americas.

Quercus stenophylloides, also called Arisan oak, is a species of evergreen, broad-leaf tree endemic to Taiwan. It is placed in Quercus subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis.

Quercus longinux is an uncommon Asian species of trees in the beech family Fagaceae. It has only been found in Taiwan. It is placed in subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis. Quercus longinux is a tree. Leaves can be as much as 8 cm long. Acorn is up to 12 mm long, narrower than those of most other species in the subgenus.

Bulbophyllum setaceum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum. It is a pseudobulbous epiphyte endemic to Taiwan. Two varieties are accepted. Bulbophyllum setaceum var. confragosum (T.P.Lin & Y.N.Chang) T.P.Lin (synonym Bulbophyllum confragosum T.P.Lin & Y.N.Chang) Bulbophyllum setaceum var. setaceum (synonyms Bulbophyllum ciliisepalum T.C.Hsu & S.W.Chung and B. taitungianum S.S.Ying)

Bulbophyllum albociliatum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum. It is a pseudobulbous epiphyte endemic to Taiwan.

Acer caudatifolium is an Asian species of maple, found only in Taiwan. The species is sometimes confused with another Taiwanese tree, Acer morrisonense. This species has been known to reach 20 metres tall. Leaves are non-compound, the blade narrowly ovate, up to 11 cm long by 4.5 cm wide, with serrate margins but no lobes.

Salvia hayatae is an annual herb that is native to the foothills of Taiwan. The stems of S. hayatae reach 20 to 45 cm (7.9 to 17.7 in) tall, with mostly basal leaves. Inflorescences are 2–5 flowered verticillasters, widely spaced at the bottom and crowded at the top, in terminal racemes or panicles. There are two named varieties: S. hayatae var. hayatae has leaves that are 2-pinnately compound, while S. hayatae var. pinnata has leaves that are 1-pinnately compound.

Rhododendron pachysanthum (Chinese: 台湾山地杜鹃; pinyin: Táiwān shāndì dùjuān), the thick-flowered rhododendron, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae, that is native to Taiwan. It is an evergreen shrub growing to 2.5 m (8.2 ft) tall and broad. This species is particularly noted for its 9 cm (3.5 in) leaves, which may be heavily felted on both surfaces, red above and brown beneath. In early spring, trusses of pale pink flowers appear, spotted crimson on the inner surface. In cultivation in the UK Rhododendron pachysanthum has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award

Rhododendron sikayotaizanense (志佳阳杜鹃) is a rhododendron species native to Taiwan. It is a shrub with small, leathery leaves that are oblong to ovate-oblong, 0.4–1.4 cm (0.16–0.55 in) × 0.2–0.6 cm (0.079–0.236 in) in size. Flowers are red.

Isoetes taiwanensis is a species of plant in the family Isoetaceae. It is endemic to Taiwan, and the only species of quillwort there. Isoetes taiwanensis can now only be found in Menghuan Pond in Yangmingshan National Park.

Ilex hayatana is a species of flowering plant in the holly family, Aquifoliaceae. It is native to Taiwan. There is some confusion about the identity of this species; for example Flora of China states that it is an evergreen tree with "pale gray‑black" bark reaching 12 m (39 ft) tall, found in forests at 200 to 300 m (700 to 1,000 ft) a.s.l., and also native to Japan, but the International Dendrology Society states that the original specimen, which is still alive, lives at 1,900 m (6,200 ft) and was described as either an 18 m (59 ft) tree or a 4 m (13 ft) shrub.

Salix doii is a shrub from the genus of the willow (Salix) with mostly 3 to 4 centimeters long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in Taiwan.

Gynura formosana is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to Taiwan. A perennial reaching 50 cm (20 in), it is found from the shoreline up to 500 m (1,600 ft), typically in sandy soils. It is a preferred nectar source for the chestnut tiger (Parantica sita).

Berberis alpicola is a shrub endemic to Taiwan. It grows high in the mountains at elevations of approximately 3600 m. Berberis alpicola is an evergreen shrub up to 130 cm tall, with spines along the twigs. Leaves are elliptical, up to 25 mm long, shiny on both surfaces but a bit lighter shade of green below. Flowers are solitary. Berries are ellipsoid, nearly black, up to 10 mm long.

Polygonatum arisanense is a flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae. The species is endemic to Taiwan and is found in areas around 1,500 meters in elevation. Its Chinese common name and the species epithet refer to the Alishan Range.

Kudoacanthus is a genus of plants in the family Acanthaceae. It contains a single species, Kudoacanthus albonervosus. It is a subshrub endemic to Taiwan. When published the species epithet was written as "albo-nervosa" however, this was later corrected to a consistent genitive ending.

Eupatorium tashiroi is a plant species in the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to Taiwan.

Erigeron morrisonensis is an Asian species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It grows in grasslands, rocky slopes, and coniferous forest in Taiwan. Erigeron morrisonensis is a perennial, clump-forming herb up to 20 cm (8 inches) tall, forming a shortunderground rhizomes. Its flower heads have lilac or pale purple ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.

Erigeron fukuyamae is an Asian species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It has been found only in alpine meadows at high elevations in Taiwan in East Asia. Erigeron fukuyamae is a perennial, clump-forming herb up to 30 cm (12 inches) tall, forming short rhizomes and a branching underground caudex. Its flower heads have red ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.

Aralia castanopsicola, synonym Pentapanax castanopsicola, is a species of plant in the family Araliaceae. It is endemic to Taiwan. It is threatened by habitat loss. The specific epithet is spelt in various ways, including castanopsidicola.

Acer morrisonense is an Asian species of maple found only in the mixed forests of eastern and southern Taiwan, at elevations of 1800 – 2200 m. The species is sometimes confused with another Taiwanese tree, Acer caudatifolium.

Sinopanax formosanus is a species of flowering plant in the family Araliaceae and the only species in the genus Sinopanax. It is endemic to Taiwan. It is a small, evergreen tree, up to 12 metres (39 ft) in height, that grows in open areas in mountainous forests at altitudes between 2,300–2,600 metres (7,500–8,500 ft).

Epipactis ohwii is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to central Taiwan. It was originally described by Noriaki Fukuyama in 1934. The species is a geophyte with underground rhizomes, and is found in temperate areas.

Tangshuia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rubiaceae. It contains a single species, Tangshuia pitouchaoensis. It is an annual native to Taiwan.

Hemipilia alpestris is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, native to Taiwan.

Shaolinchiana is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It includes three species which are endemic to Taiwan. Shaolinchiana lalashaniana S.S.Ying Shaolinchiana taiwaniana S.S.Ying Shaolinchiana tungyanshaniana S.S.Ying