Flora of Transcaucasus

The almond (Prunus amygdalus, syn. Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb, nom. illeg. non Prunus dulcis Rouchy) is a species of tree from the genus Prunus. Along with the peach, it is classified in the subgenus Amygdalus, distinguished from the other subgenera by corrugations on the woody shell (endocarp) surrounding the seed. The fruit of the almond is a drupe, consisting of an outer hull and a hard shell with the seed, which is not a true nut. Shelling almonds refers to removing the shell to reveal the seed. Almonds are sold shelled or unshelled. Blanched almonds are unshelled almonds that have

Russian comfrey or Quaker comfrey (Symphytum × uplandicum, syn. S. peregrinum auct.) is a common hybrid between Symphytum officinale and S. asperum. It represents the economically most important kind of comfrey. It occurs naturally in Caucasus region where it grows in waste areas and disturbed soils. It has been introduced as a crop in many places around the world, and is widespread in the British Isles and interbreeds with S. officinale.

Cyclamen colchicum is a perennial growing from a tuber, native to densely shaded areas among rocks or tree roots in woodland on limestone at 300–800 m (980–2,620 ft) elevation in the autonomous republic of Adjara in Georgia, about 1,900 km (1,200 mi) from the range of the closely related species Cyclamen purpurascens. Unlike C. purpurascens, leaves are very thick and leathery with finely toothed edges.

Iris grossheimii is a plant species in the genus Iris, subgenus Iris and section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Caucasus Mountains of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. It has sickle shaped leaves, which are as long as the short stem, which carries one flower in spring. It is beige, pink or brown covered in dark lines that are, purple-brown or brown. It has a large blackish brown signal patch and brown or black beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer.

Allium talyschense is a critically endangered species of wild onion native to the South Transcaucasia region of Armenia, between the villages Gnishik, Khachik and in Talish. A. talyschense has no conservation actions.

Prunus vachuschtii, (Georgian: ალუჩა, romanized: alucha; Azerbaijani: alça, آلوچه) is a species of plum that is native to the Caucasus region.

Corylus colchica, also known as Corylus iberica, is a species of hazelnut endemic to Armenia and Georgia in the Caucasus region. It can tolerate more frost than many others of its genus. It produces small edible nuts in September. It is not commercially grown for food because the nuts are small in size. The nut's shell is oval and the nut is round. The tree is sometimes crossed with the common hazel to make a hybrid that can grow in colder climates.

Betula megrelica, the Megrelian birch, is a very rare species of flowering plant in the family Betulaceae. It is native to western Georgia, and has only been found in two locations, Mt. Migaria and Mt. Jvari, in the Egrisi Range of the Caucasus Mountains. A shrub or small tree reaching 4 m (13 ft), it is typically found in thickets at elevations from 1,200 to 2,000 m (3,900 to 6,600 ft). A dodecaploid, it is in a clade with the decaploid B. medwediewii (Caucasian birch) and the diploid B. lenta (cherry birch, native to eastern North America). In spite of its rarity and endangered status, it

Allium struzlianum, or Struzl's onion, is a species of onion that is endemic to Armenia. It has been found in the Dzhadzhur Pass and the Urts Range. It can be found on montane steppes between elevations of 800–2,000 m. It flowers in May–June, and bears fruit in June–July. The species is very rare with a severely fragmented population, estimated to be less than 250 individuals. It is threatened by habitat loss and pasturing.

Rosa komarovii is a species of rose that was described by Dmitrii Ivanovich Sosnowsky. Rosa komarovii is part of the genus Roses, and the family Rosaceae.

Iris winogradowii is a species of flowering plant in the genus Iris, classified in the subgenus Hermodactyloides and section Reticulatae. It is a bulbous perennial, from the Caucasus mountains of Azerbaijan and Georgia.

Iris camillae is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Azerbaijan. It has narrow, falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, medium-sized stem and large flowers, where the flower colour is very variable (especially in the wild), ranging from violet, purple, pale blue, and also yellow, and occasionally bi-colour forms are found. It has a yellow beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to its environmental conditions of its natural habitat.

Crocus autranii is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus of the family Iridaceae. It is a cormous perennial native to the western Transcaucasus (Abkhazia).

Chymsydia is a genus of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae with one species, Chymsydia agasylloides, native to the Transcaucasus.

Rosa alexeenkoi is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It is native to the Transcaucasus.

Fritillaria grandiflora is a species of fritillary native to Azerbaijan and Georgia. It grows in temperate mixed forests. The species is listed in the Red Data Book of Azerbaijan, having been previously listed in the Red Data Book of the Soviet Union.

Allium vasilevskajae, or Vasilevskaya's onion, is a species of onion that is endemic to Syunik Province in Armenia. It was found in stony places and on screes in the upper montane zone, from elevations of 2,200–2,300 m. It is only known from two collections made half a century ago.

Alchemilla jaroschenkoi, the holotrichous lady's mantle, is a species of lady's mantle that is endemic to Azerbaijan, where it is only known from near Kiçik Cheurly. It is found in alpine meadows and pastures.

Salvia karabachensis is a species of sage, endemic to the Caucasus region. Like several other sage species, it is considered a medicinal plant. The species' specific epithet, karabachensis is derived from the Karabakh region.

Rosa abutalybovii, commonly known as Abutalybov's brier, is a species of rose native to the South Caucasus.

Campanula kantschavelii, also known as Kanchaveli's bellflower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. It is native to Georgia.

Calligonum bakuense is a species of Calligonum shrub, endemic to Azerbaijan. It has pinkish flowers and grows on coastal sands along the Caspian shore, reaching 1.5 m in height. The habitat is limited to the Absheron Peninsula. The specific epithet bakuense is derived from Baku. The species is listed in the 1989 Red Book of Azerbaijan and in the 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants.

Sempervivum altum is a species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae, native to the Caucasus Mountains. Like other members of the houseleek genus, it grows succulent leaves in rosettes. The rosettes of S. altum are 1–5 cm across, and the leaves are pubescent or pilose. The flowers are pink edged with white, with yellow anthers, growing on a stem 30–40 cm tall. The species was described in 1936 by William Bertram Turrill based on specimens collected by P.L. Giuseppi in a 1935 expedition to the Caucasus Mountains. It is closely related to S. ingwersenii and S. ossetiense from the same

Ornithogalum gabrielianiae, commonly known as the Gabrielyan's starflowers, is a flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae. It is endemic to Armenia. It is classified as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Carex hypaneura is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to the Transcaucasus.

Aphanopleura zangelanica, the Zangelanian aphanopleura, is a species in the family Apiaceae that is endemic to the Zəngilan district of Azerbaijan. It is only known from its type specimen collected in 1971.

Angelica adzharica, the Adjarian angelica is a species of angelica in the carrot family that is endemic to Adjara in Georgia. It can be found in meadows and subalpine tall herb communities, in montane and subalpine zones between 700 and 2,300 m elevation. It is threatened by overgrazing and hay making.

Iris schelkownikowii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Oncocyclus section. It is from the Transcaucasus region of Azerbaijan. It has large flowers in shades of bluish or grey-purple violet, with dark brown veining. It also has a reddish purple signal patch and yellow beard.

Erodium sosnowskianum, or Sosonovskiy's heron's-bill, is a herbaceous plant, a species of the genus Erodium of the family Geraniaceae.

Arabis armena, the Armenian rockcress, is a species of rockcress that is found in Armenia and Nakhichevan (Azerbaijan). It grows at mid- and high-elevations. It is threatened by the trampling of cattle.