Flora of Turkmenistan

The onion (Allium cepa L.Tooltip Carl Linnaeus, from Latin cepa), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. The shallot is a botanical variety of the onion which was classified as a separate species until 2011. The onion's close relatives include garlic, scallion, leek, and chives. The genus contains several other species cultivated for food, such as the Japanese bunching onion Allium fistulosum, the tree onion Allium × proliferum, and the Canada onion Allium canadense. The name wild onion is applied to a

Typha turcomanica is a plant species native to Turkmenistan. The species grows in freshwater marshes.

Ferula gummosa is a perennial herb of Ferula in the family Apiaceae. It is native to Iran and Turkmenistan. Its gum resin is called galbanum.

Allium vavilovii is a species of wild onion in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to southern Turkmenistan and northeastern Iran. Out of the approximately 1000 species of Allium it and Allium asarense are the closest known relatives of the common onion Allium cepa.

Salix carmanica is a species of willow found in Iran, in Afghanistan, and in China where it is cultivated. It large shrub with blue-green bark and yellowish, drooping branches. The leaf blades reach lengths of 3 to 5 centimeters, with young shoots even more.

Tulipa montana is a species of tulip native to the mountains of Iran and Turkmenistan. With its deep red petals (there is also a yellow morph) it has been proposed as a candidate for the Biblical Rose of Sharon, whose identity is unknown. Richard Wilford in his 2006 book Tulips writes, "This really is one of the most alluring of the smaller tulip species".

Crocus michelsonii is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus of the family Iridaceae. It is a cormous perennial with a native range from northeastern Iran to southern Turkmenistan.

Prunus scoparia is a wild almond primarily found in the Zagros forests of Iran but also distributed across Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Afghanistan. It is a xerophytic shrub and it has been used as a grafting stock for domesticated almonds to provide drought resistance. Its seeds are consumed by rural Iranians as a cheap source of high-quality protein. Its leaves are the primary food of the larvae of Parornix turcmeniella moths. In recent scholarship, it is sometimes referenced as Persian gum after the model of gum arabic, although this name is also used for the commercially unimportant P.

Euphorbia kopetdaghii is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to Iran and Turkmenistan.

Mandragora turcomanica, the Turkmenian mandrake, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Solanaceae, native to the Köpet Dag mountains in Turkmenistan and one location in neighbouring Iran. It differs from the mandrakes found around the Mediterranean (Mandragora autumnalis and/or Mandragora officinarum) chiefly by being larger.

Asperula albiflora is a deciduous species of perennial groundcover, and a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, known as Woodruff, and is endemic to Turkmenistan, and was first named by Popov.

Tzvelevopyrethrum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae. It is native to Iran and Turkmenistan.

Prunus turcomanica is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. This wild almond is sometimes referred to by the common name the Turkmen almond and is native to Iran, Turkmenistan and possibly eastern Turkey. A genetic and morphological study has shown that it is conspecific with Prunus spinosissima.

Chartoloma is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It includes a single species, Chartoloma platycarpum, an annual native to Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

Chartoloma is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It includes a single species, Chartoloma platycarpum, an annual native to Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

Demavendia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. The sole species is Demavendia pastinacifolia. Its native range is Western and Central Asia.

Botschantzevia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. The only species in the genus is Botschantzevia karatavica. Its native range is Central Asia.

Astragalus cerasocrenus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae. Its roots are a source of Gum tragacanth, which has many uses. It is native to Northeast Iran and Southern Turkmenistan. It is most commonly found in the months of May, June, and July.

Tzvelevopyrethrum walteri is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to two countries, Iran and Turkmenistan.

Cousinia annua is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Central Asia; Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

Allium cristophii, the Persian onion or star of Persia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to Iran, Turkey, and Turkmenistan, though grown as an ornamental bulbous plant in many parts of the world. It may be sold under the synonym of Allium albopilosum. Star of Persia grows to 50 cm (20 in) and is cultivated in gardens for its large showy umbels of silvery pink star-shaped flowers, 20–25 cm (7.9–9.8 in) in diameter, which appear in early summer. The flowers are followed by attractive fruiting clusters. The plant has received the Royal Horticultural Society's

Lagochilus inebrians, known in English as inebriating mint, intoxicating mint, or Turkistan mint, and in its native Uzbekistan by the Uzbek name Bozulbang, is a member of the mint family, Lamiaceae. The genus name Lagochilus is derived from the Greek elements λαγός (lagos) "hare" and χείλος (ch(e)ilos) "lip" (in reference to the distinctive shape of the corolla), while the Latin specific name inebrians signifies "intoxicating" — in reference to the use of the plant (in its native Central Asia) to prepare a mildly intoxicating tea (see below). Lagochilus inebrians is widely distributed in the

Sclerorhachis is a genus of Asian plants in the chamomile tribe within the daisy family. Species Sclerorhachis caulescens (Aitch. & Hemsl.) Rech.f. - Afghanistan Sclerorhachis kjurendaghi (Kurbanov) Kovalevsk. Sclerorhachis leptoclada Rech.f. - Iran Sclerorhachis paropamisica (Krasch.) Kovalevsk. Sclerorhachis platyrachis (Boiss.) Podlech ex Rech.f. - Iran Sclerorhachis polysphaera Rech.f. - Afghanistan Sclerorhachis rechingeri Iranshahr - Iran

Alyssopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae. It includes two species native to Iran, Turkmenistan, and the Transcaucasus. Alyssopsis mollis (Jacq.) O.E.Schulz – southeastern Transcaucasus and Iran Alyssopsis trinervis Botsch. & Seifulin – Iran and Turkmenistan

Iris fosteriana is a species in the genus Iris, subgenus Scorpiris. It was named after Michael Foster (a known British Iris expert) by Dr Aitchison, and found in Pendjeh, Turkmenistan. First described in transactions of the Linnean Society of London in April 1888 and then published by John Gilbert Baker in Botanical Magazine in 1892. Iris fosteriana is an accepted name by the RHS. It has many similarities with other iris species in the Xiphium.

Ormopterum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. Its native range is Turkemenistan to Pakistan. Species: Ormopterum tuberosum Nasir Ormopterum turcomanicum (Korovin) Schischk.

Iris warleyensis is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial from Central Asia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It has long arching mid-green leaves, thin stem and spring flowers in shades of blue.

Iris vicaria is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial from Asia, found in Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It has tall arching leaves, and has varied coloured flowers, with white, blue and purple between April and May.

Fritillaria raddeana is a perennial herbaceous bulbous plant, distributed in Iran, Turkmenistan and Kashmir. It is a species in the genus Fritillaria, in the lily family Liliaceae. It is placed in the subgenus Petilium. Resembling Fritillaria imperialis (crown imperial), but shorter, it is sometimes referred to as the dwarf crown imperial.

Dielsiocharis is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. Its native range is Southern Turkmenistan to Iran. The genus name of Dielsiocharis is a compound, combining Diels from a German botanist Ludwig Diels (1874–1945), and also Charis, a Greek goddess of charm, beauty. Known species: Dielsiocharis bactriana (Ovcz. & Junussov) Al-Shehbaz & Junussov Dielsiocharis kotschyi (Boiss.) O.E.Schulz