Flora of European Turkey

Cephalaria tuteliana is a species of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae native to East Thrace in Turkey.

Crocus candidus is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus of the family Iridaceae. It is a cormous perennial native to Turkey. It is found growing in woods and scrub, with flowering occurring in February and March. Plants produce one or two very wide leaves, the much divided styles are yellow-orange.

Colchicum micranthum is a species of flowering plant in the family Colchicaceae. It is native to Turkey with nearly white flowers barely 2 cm (.75") tall. It produces a series of blooms throughout the fall. The leaves follow the flowers, and are usually 3–5 in number.

Crocus pestalozzae is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus of the family Iridaceae. It is a cormous perennial native to Turkey. Native to both the Asian and European sides of the Bosphorus, growing in fields and on hills below 200 meters of elevation, flowering occurs in January to March.

Lathyrus undulatus, also known as wavy pea, is a flowering plant in the genus Lathyrus, which is in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Turkey, specifically the northwest slopes of Trabzon, Rize, Bolu, Bursa, Sakarya; as well as Crimea, specifically the southern slopes of Nikita Yayla. Its Turkish name is Istanbul Nazendesi. Lathyrus undulatus is a perennial plant, growing to a height of 50–100 cm (3 ft 3 in–6 ft 7 in) under suitable living conditions. It lives in temperate climates. In the wild, the flowers are pink and around 1–2 cm long. Its seeds are dark, its flowers bloom in May, and

Centaurea hermannii, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Centaurea of the family Asteraceae. It is an endemic plant of Turkey and found only in Çatalca Peninsula, and threatened by habitat loss.

Hypericum calycinum is a species of prostrate or low-growing shrub in the flowering plant family Hypericaceae. It is native to the Strandzha Mountains along the Bulgarian and Turkish Black Sea coast. Widely cultivated for its large yellow flowers, its names as a garden plant include rose-of-Sharon in Britain and Australia, and Aaron's beard, great St-John's wort, creeping St. John's wort and Jerusalem star.

Aquilegia olympica is a perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to Turkey, Iran, and the Caucasus.

Amsonia orientalis, the European bluestar, is a species of flower in the dogbane family. It is found in European Turkey, and may be extirpated from Greece. Other historical populations appear to be lost. It is threatened by habitat loss, collection for ornamental use, and over-harvesting for research. It contains many glycosides and glycoalkaloids, and also has broad antimicrobial activity. Amsonia orientalis is the only European member of its genus. One other species (Amsonia elliptica (Thunb.) Roem. & Schult.) is found in East Asia, while all the others are native to North America.

Trachystemon is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae. The only species is Trachystemon orientalis, commonly known as Abraham-Isaac-Jacob or early-flowering borage. Its native range is Bulgaria to Turkey. It is a perennial herb of the family Boraginaceae. It is frequently grown as an ornamental for its early blue-violet flowers and large leaves. It quickly spreads to provide a dense groundcover. "Trachystemon" is derived from the Greek "trachys", meaning rough, and "stemon", a stamen. The specific epithet, "orientalis" means eastern or from the orient, and

Campanula lyrata is a species of bellflower that occurs in the east-Aegean islands and Turkey.

Veronica turrilliana (Bulgarian: Търилово великденче) is a species of speedwell in the family Plantaginaceae, endemic to the Strandzha mountain range in south-eastern Bulgaria and north-western Turkey. It is included in the Red Book of Bulgaria as an endangered species. and is categorized as data deficient by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It was described in 1923 by the Bulgarian botanists Nikolai Stojanov and Boris Stefanoff.

Trachystemon is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae. The only species is Trachystemon orientalis, commonly known as Abraham-Isaac-Jacob or early-flowering borage. Its native range is Bulgaria to Turkey. It is a perennial herb of the family Boraginaceae. It is frequently grown as an ornamental for its early blue-violet flowers and large leaves. It quickly spreads to provide a dense groundcover. "Trachystemon" is derived from the Greek "trachys", meaning rough, and "stemon", a stamen. The specific epithet, "orientalis" means eastern or from the orient, and

Salvia napifolia is a herbaceous perennial native to Turkey and islands off its west coast, growing at elevations between sea level and 3,000 feet. Its natural habitat is maquis shrubland, rocky slopes, and disturbed roadsides. It was described by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in 1773, with the specific epithet napifolia referring to the leaves being shaped like a turnip. Salvia napifolia is small and clumping, with many upright stems, and soft leaves lightly covered with hairs. Widely spaced and dense whorls of flowers grow on 1 foot inflorescences, with several inflorescences coming into

Veronica pectinata, the scallop-leaved speedwell, is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae. A perennial, it is native to Bulgaria, European Turkey, and Anatolia.

Salvia forskaehlei, synonym Salvia forskohlei, is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae native to Bulgaria and Turkey. The spelling Salvia forsskaolei is also used. It is a herbaceous perennial plant. It grows up to 6,000 ft (1800 m) elevation in broad-leaved and coniferous forests, meadows, and on steep banks. It was named after Finnish explorer and naturalist Peter Forsskål, a student of Carl Linnaeus who collected plants in southwest Arabia in the 18th century.

Verbascum bugulifolium is a species of Verbascum native to Bulgaria and western Turkey.

Chaerophyllum byzantinum is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae. It is native to Bulgaria and Turkey, including East Thrace. In addition, it has been introduced into Germany.

Barbamine is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. Its native range is Turkey to Caucasus. Species: Barbamine ketzkhovelii (Mardal.) A.P.Khokhr. Barbamine sachokiana (N.Busch) A.P.Khokhr.

Lepidotrichum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae. It includes a single species, Lepidotrichum uechtritzianum, a subshrub native to eastern Bulgaria, European Turkey, and northern Asiatic Turkey.

Lepidotrichum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae. It includes a single species, Lepidotrichum uechtritzianum, a subshrub native to eastern Bulgaria, European Turkey, and northern Asiatic Turkey.

Fagus orientalis, the Oriental beech, is a deciduous tree in the family Fagaceae. It is native to Thrace in the southeastern Balkans in Europe, and Turkey in Western Asia.

Quercus hartwissiana, the Strandzha oak (Bulgarian: странджански дъб), is a species of oak, native to southeastern Bulgaria, northern Asia Minor along the Black Sea, and the Caucasus. It was described by the Finnish-born Russian botanist and entomologist Christian von Steven in 1857.

Epimedium pubigerum, also known by the common name hairy barrenwort, is a species in the family Berberidaceae.

Hypericum aucheri, also known as Koramanotu in Turkish, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the St. John's wort family Hypericaceae.

Gagea lojaconoi is a Mediterranean and Black Sea species of plants in the lily family. It is native to Sardinia, Sicily, and Turkey. Gagea lojaconoi is a bulb-forming herb with yellow flowers and green or red stems. The species is named for Italian botanist Michele Lojacono Pojero (1853-1919).

Satureja coerulea, called blue savory, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Satureja, native to Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey, including East Thrace. A perennial reaching 25 cm, it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as an ornamental. It prefers to grow in limestone and granite soils on exposed rocky slopes.

Helleborus orientalis, or the Lenten rose, is a perennial flowering plant and species of hellebore in the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae, native to Greece and Turkey.

Ilex colchica, commonly known as Colchic- or Black Sea holly, is a species of holly native to Bulgaria, Turkey and the Caucasus. The specific epithet colchica refers to Colchis.

Gonocytisus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. It includes three species of shrubs native to the eastern Mediterranean, ranging from Greece through Turkey and the levant. They grow in lowland and submontane Mediterranean woodland and shrubland (maquis), where they are often found on cliffs and dry hillsides.