Flora of Former Yugoslavia

Picea omorika, the Serbian spruce (in Serbian: Панчићева оморика, Pančićeva omorika, pronounced [pâːnt͡ʃit͡ɕɛv̞a ɔmɔ̌rika], "Pančić's spruce"), is a species of coniferous tree endemic to the Drina River valley in western Serbia, and eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a total range of only about 60 ha, at 800–1,600 m (2,600–5,200 ft) altitude. It was originally discovered near the Serbian village of Zaovine, on Mount Tara, in 1875, and named by the Serbian botanist Josif Pančić; the specific epithet omorika is simply the Serbian word for the tree (other spruces are smrča in Serbian).

Iris × germanica is the accepted name for a species of flowering plants in the family Iridaceae commonly known as the bearded iris or the German bearded iris. It is of hybrid origin. Varieties include I. × g. var. florentina.

Corylus maxima, the filbert, is a species of hazel in the birch family Betulaceae, native to southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia. It produces an edible nut.

Campanula portenschlagiana, the wall bellflower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae, native to the Dalmatian Mountains in Croatia. It is a vigorous, low-growing, mound-forming evergreen perennial with deep purple flowers in summer. Other common names include Dalmatian bellflower, Adria bellflower and Campanula muralis.

Primula carniolica is a flowering plant in the primrose family known by the common name Carniolan primrose. It is endemic to Slovenia.

Aquilegia grata is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, endemic to the northwestern Balkans.

Salvia jurisicii, commonly known as Jurisic sage and Yugoslavian cut leaf sage or locally as Ovche Pole sage, is a hardy herbaceous perennial endemic to the steppe-like region in central North Macedonia. Together with other rare species, Salvia jurisicii is a key component of the “Macedonian steppe” ecotype. Mainly due to agricultural activity, this species is considered critically endangered in its native habitat.

Lilium bosniacum is a lily native to Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is also known as zlatni ljiljan (Bosnian for golden lily) and Bosanski ljiljan (Bosnian lily). L. bosniacum has often been lumped and split and lumped again. Some results of molecular studies support it as an infraspecific taxon of Lilium carniolicum. Lilium bosniacum, together with Lilium albanicum and Lilium jankae have been treated as varieties of Lilium carniolicum. However, extensive DNA-analyses have shown that this group is polyphyletic.

Campanula poscharskyana, the Serbian bellflower or trailing bellflower, is a semi-evergreen trailing perennial, valued for its lavender-blue star-shaped flowers. It is native to the Dinaric Alps in former Yugoslavia.

Iris orjenii, the Orjen iris, is a rare species of iris found in Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina on the karst landscape of Orjen mountain. It grows in the wild on grassy slopes at 1,500 to 1,700 m (4,900 to 5,600 ft), in sunny or semi-shaded locations within Bosnian Pine communities. It is a member of the subgenus Iris, meaning that it is a bearded iris, and grows from a rhizome.

Scilla litardierei, the amethyst meadow squill or Dalmatian scilla, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae. A bulbous perennial, with blue grape-hyacinth like flowers, blooming in late spring, much later than the more popular Siberian squill and later than Muscari which it resembles.

Allium kermesinum is a flowering plant in the genus Allium known by the common name crimson leek or Kamnik leek. It is endemic to Slovenia.

Edraianthus pumilio, the silvery dwarf harebell or Biokovo bellflower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae, native to the Biokovo mountains of Dalmatia in southern Croatia. It is an herbaceous perennial growing to 2.5 cm (1 in), forming a cushion of hairy, silvery-green leaves and bearing solitary violet upturned bell-shaped flowers in summer. It requires extremely free-draining, preferably alkaline, soil, and is best grown in an alpine garden or rockery. The Latin specific epithet pumilio means "small in stature". It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award

Campanula hercegovina, the Herzegovinian bellflower, is an endemic plant from Bosnia and Herzegovina. It belongs to the Campanulaceae, or bellflower, family.

Edraianthus dalmaticus, (syn. Wahlenbergia dalmatica A.DC.) or Dalmatian rockbell, is an ornamental plant in the Campanulaceae (bellflower) family. This herbaceous perennial is native to the mountains of Dalmatia in Croatia but now used in gardening. It is a tufted species with narrow grass-like leaves, 2 to 4 inches in length, and flower-stems at first drooping, afterwards erect, 4 to 6 inches high, with large flowers of a violet-blue color, in clusters which appear in July and August.

Crocus malyi, the Maly crocus, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus of the family Iridaceae. It is endemic to the Velebit mountains of southwestern Croatia. Growing to 10 cm (3.9 in), this cormous perennial produces white flowers with a yellow throat in early spring. In cultivation, it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Campanula tommasiniana, known as the Croatian bellflower or Tommasini bell flower, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. It is native to the alpine regions of Croatia. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as an ornamental.

Iris adriatica is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Dalmatia region of Croatia in Europe. It has short sickle shaped leaves, small stem and flowers that vary from yellow to purple or violet. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Dianthus freynii, or Freyn's carnation, in Bosnian Freynov karanfil or Freynov klinčić, is a plant that is endemic of Herzegovina karst, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It belongs to the family Caryophyllaceae (carnations).

Crocus kosaninii is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus of the family Iridaceae. It is a cormous perennial native to southern Serbia to Kosovo.

Campanula waldsteiniana, the Waldstein bellflower, is a flowering plant species in the family Campanulaceae. It is a perennial or subshrub and grows primarily in the temperate area, within its native range in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 2006, the species was recorded in Mount Snežnik, Slovenia, which represents the northwesternmost locality in its current distribution area.

Allium croaticum is a species of flowering plant in the genus Allium (onions) found only on the island of Vis in Croatia. It represents the westernmost population of the Allium stamineum group in the Mediterranean region.

Moehringia villosa, commonly known as the short-haired sandwort, is a flowering plant of the family Caryophyllaceae. It is endemic to Slovenia where it has a very limited range with an extent of occurrence of less than 1,000 square kilometres (390 sq mi) in the southern parts of the Julian Alps. It grows in cracks in sunny, rocky and dry areas.

Dianthus knappii, or Knapp's carnation, in Bosnian Knapov karanfil or Knapov klinčić, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the carnation family, Caryophyllaceae. It is endemic at Dinaric mountains, on the border area between Herzegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and Montenegro. In chromosome set has 2n = 30.

Crocus rujanensis is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus of the family Iridaceae. It is a cormous perennial native from southern Serbia to northern Macedonia.

Aquilegia kitaibelii is a perennial species of plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and possibly Slovenia.

Hladnikia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. Its sole species, Hladnikia pastinacifolia, is a Slovenian paleoendemite, restricted to the area of only 4 km2, located in Trnovo Forest Plateau, karst plateau of Western Slovenia. German botanist Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach named the genus after Carniolan botanist and founder of Ljubljana Botanical Garden Franz Hladnik.

Degenia is a monotypic plant genus in the family Brassicaceae containing the single species Degenia velebitica. The yellow-flowered plant is endemic to the Velebit and Kapela mountain ranges of Croatia. It is an endangered species and has had protected status since 1964. It grows in open stony grasslands, settled scree slopes, and rock crevices fully exposed to sun and stormy northeasterly (Bora) winds, from 300 to 1300 meters elevation. Discovered by Árpád Degen in 1909, the species has since become a symbol of the region. Known in Croatian by the translation of the binomial name (velebitska

Daphne malyana is a shrub, of the family Thymelaeaceae. It is native to Montenegro, Serbia, and Bosnia.

Cyathoselinum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. Its sole species is Cyathoselinum tomentosum. Its native range is Southeastern Europe.