Plants named in 1878

The Stemonaceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Pandanales. The family consists of four genera with ca 37 known species distributed in areas with seasonal climate across Southeast Asia and tropical Australia. One native species is found in the United States. In earlier systems the family was called Roxburghiaceae, after Roxburghia, now Stemona.

Corsiaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The APG II system (2003) treats the family in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. This is a slight change from the APG system, of 1998, which left the family unplaced as to order, but did assign it also to the monocots.

Pinus arizonica, commonly known as the Arizona pine, is a medium-sized pine in northern Mexico, southeast Arizona, southwest New Mexico, and western Texas in the United States. It is a tree growing to 25–35 m tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in). The needles are in bundles of 3, 4, or 5, with 5-needle fascicles being the most prevalent. This variability may be a sign of hybridization with the closely related ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). The cones are single, paired, or in whorls of three, and 5–11 cm long.

Juglans ailantifolia (synonyms J. cordiformis and J. sieboldiana and J. mandshurica var. sachalinensis), the Japanese walnut (Japanese: 鬼胡桃, romanized: oni-gurumi), is a species of walnut native to Japan and Sakhalin.

Bletilla striata, known as hyacinth orchid or Chinese ground orchid, is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae, native to Japan, Korea, Myanmar (Burma), and China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang). It is most commonly found growing in clumps alongside grassy slopes with sandy soil. The Latin specific epithet striata means "striped", in reference to the ribbed leaves.

Rhopalostylis sapida, commonly known as nīkau, is a palm tree endemic to New Zealand, and the only palm native to mainland New Zealand.

Phyllostachys aurea is a species of bamboo, and is of the 'running bamboo' type, belonging to the diverse Bambuseae tribe. It is native to Fujian and Zhejiang in China. It is commonly known by the names fishpole bamboo, golden bamboo, monk's belly bamboo, and fairyland bamboo (Australia).

Dalbergia retusa (Caviuna, Cocobolo, Cocobolo Prieto, Funeram, Granadillo, Jacarandáholz, Nambar, ñamba, Nicaraguan Rosewood, Palisander, Palissandro, Palo Negro, Pau Preto, Rosewood, Urauna) is a plant species in the family Fabaceae . It is found in Pacific regions of Central America, ranging from Colombia through Central America to southern Mexico. It produces the cocobolo wood. It is a fair-sized tree, reported to reach 20–25 m in height. This is probably the species contributing most of the wood in the trade. Because of the wood's great beauty and high value, the trees yielding this wood

Abobra is a monotypic genus of the gourd family containing the one species Abobra tenuifolia (syn. Abobra viridiflora Naudin, Bryonia tenuifolia Hook. & Arn.). It is a diecious, perennial climbing plant reaching up to the height of 4 m (13 ft). It is native to South America (Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay) and is sometimes cultivated as ornamental plants and also for its edible fruits. The flowers exude a strong fragrance and are of pale green color and blossom between July and August. The seeds ripen between September and October. The fruit is ovoid and has a diameter of 14 mm. Common names

Khaya anthotheca, with the common name East African mahogany, is a large tree species in the Meliaceae family, native to tropical Africa. The name anthotheca was taken from the Greek word anthos, meaning flower, while theca refers to a capsule. It is known by a number of other common names, including Nyasaland, red or white mahogany. Oos-Afrikaanse mahonie is the Afrikaans name and acajou is its name in French.

Acanthomintha is a genus of the mint family, Lamiaceae. The genus Acanthomintha is commonly referred to as thornmint or thorn-mint. There are four species within this genus, including the endangered species Acanthomintha duttonii. All four thornmints are native to the California Floristic Province. The origin of the genus name is from the identical Greek word meaning thornmint. The four known species of Acanthomintha are: Acanthomintha duttonii (Abrams) Jokerst: San Mateo thorn-mint – San Mateo County Acanthomintha ilicifolia A.Gray: San Diego thorn-mint, San Diego thornmint – San Diego

Rosa fedtschenkoana is a species in the plant genus Rosa in the family Rosaceae. Some authorities consider it a synonym of Rosa webbiana. It is native to the foothills of the Ala Tau, Tian Shan and Pamir-Alai mountain ranges in central Asia and northwest China. It is named after Olga Fédchenko, a Russian botanist. It is deciduous, forming a bushy and suckering shrub up to 2.5 metres high and as much across. The branches are covered in many prickles, many of which are fine and straight, but some are thicker and slightly hooked. The pinnate leaves are pale greyish green in colour and have

Bulbophyllum minutissimum, commonly known as the red bead orchid or grain-of-wheat orchid, is a species of epiphytic or lithophytic orchid with small, flattened, reddish or green pseudobulbs, scale-like leaves and small whitish to reddish flowers with broad dar red stripes. It grows on trees and rocks, mostly in swamps and near streams in eastern Australia.

Aloe andongensis is a species of flowering plant in the Asphodelaceae family. It found in Angola.

Ravenea is a genus of 20 known species of palms, all native to Madagascar and the Comoros. It is not to be confused with Ravenala, a genus of superficially palm-like plants also from Madagascar. They are small to large, dioecious palms, with solitary, robust grey stems, swollen at base and gradually tapering upward. The species vary greatly in size, with R. hildebrandtii and R. nana only reaching 4 m, while R. robustior and R. sambiranensis both reach 30 m. The leaves are up to 2–5 m long, pinnately compound, reduplicate, erect at first then arching, twisted near the apex; with numerous

Phacelia campanularia is a species of flowering plant in the family Hydrophyllaceae, known by the common names desertbells, desert bluebells, California-bluebell, desert scorpionweed, and desert Canterbury bells. Its true native range is within the borders of California, in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts, but it is commonly cultivated as an ornamental plant and it can be found growing elsewhere as an introduced species.

Lysimachia minoricensis is a species of plant in the family Primulaceae. It was endemic to the island of Menorca in Spain. Its natural habitat was Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation. It became extinct within its natural range and now only survives in cultivation.

Eucalyptus salmonophloia, commonly known as salmon gum, wurak or weerluk or woonert or marrlinja. is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth bark, narrow lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between nine and thirteen, creamy white flowers and hemispherical fruit. The species was first described by the botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1878 in his book Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae using samples collected by Ernest Giles from near Victoria Springs, located approximately 200 km (120 mi) east of Kalgoorlie in the

Bulbophyllum sandersonii is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.

Apodolirion is a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae). It consists of 6 species native to Southern Africa.

Aloe littoralis is a flowering plant in the Asphodelaceae family. It is a succulent native to arid regions in South Tropical Africa and Southern Africa.

Thismia neptunis is a species of Thismia endemic to Borneo. It was discovered by Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari in 1866, and described in 1878. It was not observed again until 2017, when it was first photographed by a team of biologists from the Czech Republic. It was found in the Gunung Matang massif in western Sarawak, in the Malaysian part of the island of Borneo. T. neptunis lives underground, and is a myco-heterotroph, a plant which obtains nutrients through a parasitic relationship with fungi. It does not bloom every year, and when it does, its flower appears above the soil for only a

Musa sikkimensis (also called the Darjeeling banana) is a species of flowering plant in the Musaceae (or banana) plant family. In a west-to-east direction, its native range extends from the state of Sikkim in India, through the east Himalayan region, into northern Myanmar. Musa sikkimensis is considered to be native to India, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Musa sikkimensis is named after the mountainous northeastern Indian state of Sikkim, as the species grows at some of the highest known elevations of any banana; for example, in Yuksom, West Sikkim, the species has been noted as

Luffa operculata (common name, sponge cucumber, wild loofa, buchinha in Brazil or mướp xơ in Vietnamese) is a species of Luffa native to South and Central America. It is cultivated for its fruit, which when fully ripe is strongly fibrous and is used as a fibrous scrubbing sponge for household cleaning. The fruit is a capsule with spikes. The fruit is dark-brown when mature. It is also grown in gardens and yards as an ornamental plant. In colder places they can be grown indoors as a houseplant. The species name is derived from the word, operculum, meaning "little lid." When the fruits are

Cistus halimifolius is a species of flowering plant in the family Cistaceae. it is a subshrub or shrub native to the western and central Mediterranean Basin, Including Portugal, mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, the Italian peninsula, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.

Cryptostephanus is a genus of African plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to Kenya, Tanzania, Angola, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Namibia. Its closest relative is Clivia, with which it shares some characters, including thick, fleshy roots, strap-like leaves, and fruit in the form of a berry.

Chlorospatha is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. Chlorospatha can be found from Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The plants are usually found in shaded bogs and are notoriously difficult to cultivate. One of the species, C. kressii is currently believed to be extinct. Species Chlorospatha amalfiensis Croat & L.P.Hannon – Antioquia region of Colombia Chlorospatha antioquiensis Croat & L.P.Hannon – Antioquia region of Colombia Chlorospatha atropurpurea (Madison) Madison – Ecuador Chlorospatha besseae Madison – Ecuador Chlorospatha betancurii Croat & L.P.Hannon

Chamaescilla is a genus of Australian herbs in the subfamily Hemerocallidoideae within the asphodel family. They have grass-like basal leaves and tuberous roots. The flowers have six petals (each with three nerves) and six stamens. The seed capsules contain black, glossy seeds.

Carex aphanolepis is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family of Cyperaceae. It is native to the eastern parts of Asia.

Astragalus amphioxys, common name crescent milkvetch, is a plant found in the American southwest, including the whole of Utah, the southeast part of Nevada, the north part of Arizona, the western part of Colorado, the northwestern part of New Mexico, and one county in Texas. It was first described by Asa Gray in 1878.