Plants named in 2004

Lepidium coronopus, (swine cress, creeping wart cress, or greater swine cress), is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family which is native to parts of Africa, western Asia and Europe, growing in shingle banks, wasteland or cultivated fields.

Adamantinia is a monotypic genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae), described in 2004 by Cássio van den Berg and Cezar Neubert Gonçalves. The name is a reference to Chapada Diamantina, Brazil, where this species comes from. The single species, Adamantinia miltonioides, is native to the Serra do Sincorá range (Brazil, Bahia, South America). It grows as an epiphyte at sunny positions, at about 900m altitude. Plants bear more or less clustered unifoliate pseudobulbs (rarely bifoliate), coriaceous dark-olive leaves, and possess long inflorescences with successive flowering. Flowers are showy, pink,

Rhizogoniales is an order of mosses in the Bryopsida.

Pleurothallis is a genus of orchids commonly called bonnet orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word pleurothallos, meaning "riblike branches". This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. The genus is often abbreviated as "Pths" in horticultural trade. This was a huge genus, which contained more than 1,200 species - the second largest in the Orchidaceae after Bulbophyllum. In 2004, it decreased by more than half when many species were moved into new genera.

Ornithogalum candicans, known as the summer hyacinth, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, native to moist grassland in South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Free State, Kwazulu/Natal, Eastern Cape). It is a bulbous perennial growing to 100–120 cm (39–47 in), with strap-shaped leaves and white snowdrop-like flowers in late summer. It is still widely referenced under its synonym Galtonia candicans. Originally it had been designated as Hyacinthus candicans, by Baker in 1870. This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Eutrochium maculatum, the spotted Joe Pye weed, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread through much of the United States and Canada. It is the only species of the genus Eutrochium found west of the Great Plains. This herbaceous perennial sometimes grows as high as 2 m (6 ft 7 in). Stems are sometimes completely purple, sometimes green with purple spots. One plant can produce numerous rose-purple flower heads in late summer, each head with 8-22 disc flowers but no ray flowers. The specific name maculatum, meaning spotted, refers to the purple

Cycas aculeata is a species of cycad in the genus Cycas, native to Vietnam, where it is endemic to a single site on the south slopes of the Hai Van Pass. It has a short subterranean stem 15–18 cm diameter, which bears 6-23 leaves. The leaves are 1.8-2.5 m long, and pinnate, with 100-150 leaflets and several basal spines; they are glossy dark green, but covered in orange pubescence at first which soon wears off. The leaflets are 35–52 cm long and 13–19 mm wide, and the basal spines . The name derives from the Latin aculeatus, which translates as "prickly", indeed has short prominent spikes

Calocedrus rupestris is a species of conifer recently discovered in highly eroded rocky limestone mountains in northern Vietnam and first described in 2004. It also occurs in China. Calocedrus rupestris is a medium-sized tree growing up to about 25 meters tall, with a trunk up to 1.2 meters in diameter. Many of the specimens observed in the wild were estimated to be some 600 to 800 years old, on the basis of preliminary year-ring observations. It occurs together with other lime-adapted species in highly endemic relict coniferous forest. However, the ecological region extends from Vietnam into

Allium nathaliae is a species of wild onion endemic to the Crimean Peninsula.

Afrocanthium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of deciduous, unarmed trees, and shrubs. They are native to East Africa, from Sudan and Ethiopia to South Africa.

Nepenthes rigidifolia is a critically endangered tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it grows at elevations of 1,000–1,600 m above sea level. The specific epithet rigidifolia is formed from the Latin words rigidus (rigid) and folia (leaves), and refers to the plant's stiff, coriaceous leaf blades. Tahul-tahul has been recorded as a local vernacular name for this species.

Cycas collina is a species of cycad. It is found in the Mai Sơn area of Sơn La Province, Vietnam.

Cycas brachycantha is a species of cycad in the genus Cycas, native to northern Vietnam where it is endemic to Bắc Kạn Province. It grows in often soil-free cracks and crevices of limestone crests and ridges under the canopy of evergreen forests. It is found in Ba Bể National Park. It has a short stem 9–10 cm diameter, often subterranean, or up to 1 m tall above ground, bearing 5-10 leaves. The leaves are 1.4-2.5 m long, slightly keeled to flat, very glossy dark green, pinnate, with 100-210 leaflets, each leaflet 20–25 cm long and 10–14 mm wide, angled forward at 70-85°; the leaf apex has a

Cycas bifida (syn. Cycas rumphii var. bifida) is a species of cycad plant in the genus Cycas, native to southern China (southern Guangxi and eastern Yunnan), and northern Vietnam (Cao Bằng, Lạng Sơn and Tuyên Quang provinces). The stems are largely subterranean, 20–60 cm in diameter and up to 20 cm above ground level, and bear three to eight leaves. The leaves are 2–4 m long and 40–80 cm broad, dark green and glossy, bipinnate, with 27-44 pairs of leaflets, each leaflet dichotomously divided (split in two), linear, 10–38 cm long and 1.5–3 cm broad, papery to leathery in texture; the leaf

Aloe jawiyon is a species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe first described in 2004. It is endemic to the island of Socotra, Yemen, located in the Indian Ocean (near to the mouth of the Gulf of Aden), approximately 200 miles (321 km) off of the southwestern coast of the Arabian Peninsula and around 430 miles (692 km) east of the coast of Somalia.

Quercus hirtifolia is a rare Mexican species of oak. It has been found only in a small region of the southern Sierra Madre Oriental in northern Puebla and eastern Hidalgo states in east-central Mexico.

Livistona decora is a species of palm endemic to the sclerophyll woodlands, rainforests, and coastal strands of Queensland, Australia. It is known only from Magnetic Island near the City of Townsville, and south along the coast as far as Rainbow Beach. The species is now widely cultivated in arid regions worldwide as a decorative plant.

Cereus ablicaulis subsp. estevesii, is a species of columnar cactus found in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The first description was published in 2004 by Pierre Josef Braun as Cereus estevesii.

Castroviejoa is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae, native to certain islands in the western Mediterranean. Species Castroviejoa frigida (Labill.) Galbany, L.Sáez & Benedí - Corsica, Sardinia Castroviejoa montelinasana (Em.Schmid) Galbany, L.Sáez & Benedí - Sardinia

Azorelloideae is a subfamily in the family Apiaceae. It has been estimated it originated from South America.

Acis fabrei is a bulbous flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to France. It has white flowers that appear in late spring after the leaves. Although first collected in 1882, it was not scientifically described until 1990. It is now known from only four populations in the Vaucluse department in south-east France, around Mont Ventoux and the River Nesque. It is considered to be a "threatened species".

Acianthera rostellata is a species of orchid.

Acianthera marumbyana is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae.

Acianthera gracilisepala is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is endemic to South and Southeast Brazil.

Acianthera glanduligera is a species of orchid.

Syagrus cearensis (Portuguese: coco-babão) is a natural palm endemic to Brazil. It is native to the states of Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, and Ceará Its highest rate of occurrence is within Ceará state, used in the species name. In the state of Ceará, it occurs in environments of Atlantic Forest and sandbanks, and also occurs in the transition to "Caatinga scrub, and on the slopes of the plateaus. It is very similar to the species Syagrus oleracea, but is distinguished by the fruit, which has yellow flesh while S. oleracea has predominantly green fruits even when mature,

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Nepenthes glandulifera (; from Latin glandula “gland" and ferre "to bear") is a species of pitcher plant endemic to the Hose Mountains of central Sarawak. This plant is so named for the black speckles around the petioles. The species's discoverer, Ch'ien Lee, initially thought they were a sign of disease. After further investigation, it was realised that the black speckles were actually nectar glands. The species is also notable for having a very prominent indumentum. It appears to be closely related to N. pilosa. Nepenthes glandulifera is not known to form natural hybrids with any other

Mackinlayoideae is a subfamily of plants containing about nine genera. In the APG II system it was treated at family rank as Mackinlayaceae, but since then it has been reclassified as a subfamily of Apiaceae. Platysace, which has been placed in this subfamily, is sister to all the remaining Apiaceae genera according to a 2021 molecular phylogenetic study, so is excluded from the subfamily.

Justicia camerunensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Acanthaceae. It is found in Cameroon and Nigeria. Its natural habitat is the understorey of closed-canopy mid-elevation tropical lowland and montane rain forests from 600 to 1,400 meters elevation. It is threatened by habitat loss.